Builder设计模式

2016-09-14  本文已影响67人  剩下的只有自己

未使用Builder模式

假设有一个Student代表学生类,里面有很多属性,如下:

public class Student {
    private int id;
    private int age;
    private int sex;
    private float weight;
    private String name;
    private String major;
    private String grade;
}

如果我们需要创建一个Student类,可能增加如下构造方法:

    public Student(int id, int age, int sex, float weight, String name, String major, String grade) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.weight = weight;
        this.name = name;
        this.major = major;
        this.grade = grade;
    }

此时我们创建一个Student类:

Student student=new Student(1,25,0,120,"小明","Android","初级");

看到上面创建Student对象,是不是会觉得构造方法中参数那么多,他们分别代表什么呢?是不是看起来很不清晰明了


使用Builder模式

下面将使用Builder模式来进行改善:

  1. 在Student类中创建一个内部静态类Builder,该类包含Student中所有的属性
public class Student {
    public static class Builder{
        private int id;
        private int age;
        private int sex;
        private float weight;
        private String name;
        private String major;
        private String grade;
        ...
    }
}
  1. 为每个属性创建一个类似setXXX的方法,但该方法返回值为Builder
public class Student {
    public static class Builder{
        ...
        public Builder id(int id){
            this.id=id;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder age(int age){
            this.age=age;
            return this;
        }
        ...
    }
}
  1. 在Student中创建一个包含Builder的私有构造方法,并将Builder中的属性赋值给对应Student中的属性
private Student(Builder builder){
        this.id=builder.id;
        this.age=builder.age;
        this.sex=builder.sex;
        this.weight=builder.weight;
        this.name=builder.name;
        this.major=builder.major;
        this.grade=builder.grade;
    }
  1. 在Builder中创建一个build()方法,该方法返回Student对象
public class Student {
    public static class Builder{
        ...
        public Student build(){
            Student student=new Student(this);
            return student;
        }
        ...
    }
}

使用Builder模式构建一个Student对象

Student student=new Student.Builder()
                .id(1)
                .name("小明")
                .age(18)
                .sex(0)
                .weight(120)
                .major("Android")
                .grade("初级")
                .build();

总结

Builder设计模式将创建对象交给内部类Builder,Builder类中含有外部类所需的属性,Builder负责给外部类属性赋值,从而来构建外部类对象。
从上面的对比看出,使用Builder模式提高了代码的可读性,但是与此同时代码量增加了不少。
因此如果对于一个对象中有大量属性的情况下,使用Builder模式将大大提高代码的可读性。

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