文件删除，复制，内容修改，重命名

训练图像是.png格式，label是.xml格式，对应的文件名相同，如果在文件夹多出几个png文件，这几个文件没有对应的xml文件，这时要删除这几个多余的png文件。

    path = r'D:\img\text_1000_xml'
#    filepath, tmpfilename = os.path.split(path)->分离路径和文件名
    file_list = os.listdir(path)
    xml_shotname = []
    for file in file_list:
        if file.endswith('.xml'):
            #splitext分离文件名的前缀和后缀
            shotname, extension = os.path.splitext(file)
            xml_shotname.append(shotname)
    for file in file_list:       
        if file.endswith('.png'):
            shotname, extension = os.path.splitext(file)
            if shotname not in xml_shotname:
                print(shotname)
                os.remove(os.path.join(path,file))

接下来把png和txt分别复制到两个不同文件夹

import shutil
    path = r'D:\img\text_1000_xml'
    path_images  = r'D:\img\images'
    path_labels  = r'D:\img\labels'
    file_list = os.listdir(path)
    xml_shotname = []
    for file in file_list:
        if file.endswith('.txt'):
            shutil.copy(os.path.join(path,file),path_labels)
        if file.endswith('.png'):
            shutil.copy(os.path.join(path,file),path_images)  

一个txt里面有很多行路径，把每行路径中某些字符替换成其它字符

import os
path = r'D:\yolo-v3-training'
f = open(os.path.join(path, 'training_list_tmp_new.txt'),'r')
f1 = open(os.path.join(path, 'training_list_tmp_new_test.txt'),'w')

for line in f:
    # 进行判断
    if 'img' in line:
        new_line = line.replace('img','label')
        print(new_line)
        f1.write(new_line)

如果把有检测框和无检测框的图片放在一个文件夹下比较，对新图片在原图片name的基础上加个后缀，这种命名方式比较合理，可以使用os的rename方法

import os
path_img = r'D:\transparent_img\text_reality_save'
texts = os.listdir(path_img)
i = 0
for text in texts: 
    shotname, extension = os.path.splitext(text)
    print(shotname)
#    new_name = shotname.replace('.','')
    new_name = shotname+'_new'
    a = os.path.join(path_img,text)
    b = os.path.join(path_img,new_name+extension)
    os.rename(a,b)