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Java读写资源文件类Properties

2018-03-16  本文已影响4人  itbird01

Java中读写资源文件最重要的类是Properties

1) 资源文件要求如下:

注 释:前面加上#号

属性配置:以“键=值”的方式书写一个属性的配置信息。

eg:

正确的资源文件格式为:

2) 功能大致如下:

1. 读写Properties文件

2. 读写XML文件

3. 不仅可以读写上述两类文件,还可以读写其它格式文件如txt等,只要符合key=value格式即可.

Properties能读取以key,value存储的任何格式文件,看一下他的类结构就知道为什么了

从上面的类结构图可以看出,它继承了Hashtable并实现了Map接口

3)代码演示:

package com.ifly.myhome.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesMyTest
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        String readfile = "e:" + File.separator + "readfile.properties";
        String writefile = "e:" + File.separator + "writefile.properties";
        String readxmlfile = "e:" + File.separator + "readxmlfile.xml";
        String writexmlfile = "e:" + File.separator + "writexmlfile.xml";
        String readtxtfile = "e:" + File.separator + "readtxtfile.txt";
        String writetxtfile = "e:" + File.separator + "writetxtfile.txt";

        readPropertiesFile(readfile); //读取properties文件
        writePropertiesFile(writefile); //写properties文件
        readPropertiesFileFromXML(readxmlfile); //读取XML文件
        writePropertiesFileToXML(writexmlfile); //写XML文件
        readPropertiesFile(readtxtfile); //读取txt文件
        writePropertiesFile(writetxtfile); //写txt文件
    }

    //读取资源文件,并处理中文乱码
    public static void readPropertiesFile(String filename)
    {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try
        {
            InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filename);
            properties.load(inputStream);
            inputStream.close(); //关闭流
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String passsword = properties.getProperty("password");
        String chinese = properties.getProperty("chinese");
        try
        {
            chinese = new String(chinese.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "GBK"); // 处理中文乱码
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(passsword);
        System.out.println(chinese);
    }

    //读取XML文件,并处理中文乱码
    public static void readPropertiesFileFromXML(String filename)
    {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try
        {
            InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filename);
            properties.loadFromXML(inputStream);
            inputStream.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String passsword = properties.getProperty("password");
        String chinese = properties.getProperty("chinese"); //XML中的中文不用处理乱码,正常显示
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(passsword);
        System.out.println(chinese);
    }

    //写资源文件,含中文
    public static void writePropertiesFile(String filename)
    {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try
        {
            OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(filename);
            properties.setProperty("username", "myname");
            properties.setProperty("password", "mypassword");
            properties.setProperty("chinese", "中文");
            properties.store(outputStream, "author: shixing_11@sina.com");
            outputStream.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //写资源文件到XML文件,含中文  
    public static void writePropertiesFileToXML(String filename)
    {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try
        {
            OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(filename);
            properties.setProperty("username", "myname");
            properties.setProperty("password", "mypassword");
            properties.setProperty("chinese", "中文");
            properties.storeToXML(outputStream, "author: shixing_11@sina.com");
            outputStream.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

运行本程序所需的资源文件,我是放在E盘根目录,如E:/readfile.properties

1. readfile.properties
username=kh
password=kh
chinese=谓语

2. writefile.properties
#author: shixing_11@sina.com
#Fri May 28 22:19:44 CST 2010
password=kh
chinese=\u8C13\u8BED
username=kh

3. readxmlfile.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
<entry key="password">mypassword</entry>
<entry key="chinese">中文</entry>
<entry key="username">myname</entry>
</properties>

4. writexmlfile.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
<entry key="password">kh</entry>
<entry key="chinese">中文</entry>
<entry key="username">kh</entry>
</properties>

5. readtxtfile.txt    
username=kh
password=kh
chinese=中文

6. writetxtfile.txt
password=kh
chinese=/u4E2D/u6587
username=kh

4)Properties获取数据乱码解决

1.原因
Properties调用load(InputStream)时,读取文件时使用的默认编码为ISO-8859-1;当我们讲中文放入到properties文件中,通过getProperty(key)获取值时,取到得数据是ISO-8859-1格式的,但是ISO-8859-1是不能识别中文的。

2.解决方法
通过getProperty()获取的数据data既然是ISO-8859-1编码的,就通过data.getByte(“iso-8859-1”)获取获取,使用new String(data.getByte(“iso-8859-1”),”UTF-8”)进行转换。当然properties文件的编码类型需要和new String(Byte[],charst)中的第二个参数的编码类型相同

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