python

python数据可视化--matplotlib进行随机漫步

2022-04-17  本文已影响0人  Z_bioinfo
使用python模拟随机漫步数据,再使用matplotlib以引人注目的方式可视化
随机漫步是这样行走的路径,每次行走都完全是随机的,没有明确的方向,结果是由一系列随机决策决定的
#创建名为RandomWalk()类,模拟随机漫步
from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
    '''生成一个随机漫步数据的类'''
    
    def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):#初始化随机漫步的属性
        self.num_points = num_points
        
        #所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
        self.x_value = [0]
        self.y_value = [0]

    def fill_walk(self): 
        
            #计算随机漫步包含的所有点
            
            #不断漫步,直到列表达到指定长度
        while len(self.x_value) < self.num_points:
            
                #决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])#向右走表示1,向左走表示-1
            x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])#沿指定的方向走多远
            x_step = x_direction*x_distance
                
            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            y_step = y_direction*y_distance
                
                #拒绝原地踏步
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue
                    
                #计算下一个点的x和y值
            next_x = self.x_value[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_value[-1] + y_step
                
            self.x_value.append(next_x)
            self.y_value.append(next_y)
                
                
#绘制随机漫步图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
rw = RandomWalk()
rw.fill_walk()
plt.scatter(rw.x_value, rw.y_value, s =15)
plt.show()
image.png

from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
'''生成一个随机漫步数据的类'''

def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):#初始化随机漫步的属性
    self.num_points = num_points
    
    #所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
    self.x_value = [0]
    self.y_value = [0]

def fill_walk(self): 
    
        #计算随机漫步包含的所有点
        
        #不断漫步,直到列表达到指定长度
    while len(self.x_value) < self.num_points:
        
            #决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
        x_direction = choice([1, -1])#向右走表示1,向左走表示-1
        x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])#沿指定的方向走多远
        x_step = x_direction*x_distance
            
        y_direction = choice([1, -1])
        y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
        y_step = y_direction*y_distance
            
            #拒绝原地踏步
        if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
            continue
                
            #计算下一个点的x和y值
        next_x = self.x_value[-1] + x_step
        next_y = self.y_value[-1] + y_step
            
        self.x_value.append(next_x)
        self.y_value.append(next_y)

模拟多次随机漫步

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

while True:
    rw = RandomWalk()
    rw.fill_walk()
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value, rw.y_value, s =15)
    plt.show()
    
    keep_running = input('make another walk?(y/n): ')
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): y
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): 

设置随机漫步图的样式

1.给点着色
from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
    '''生成一个随机漫步数据的类'''
    
    def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):#初始化随机漫步的属性
        self.num_points = num_points
        
        #所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
        self.x_value = [0]
        self.y_value = [0]

    def fill_walk(self): 
        
            #计算随机漫步包含的所有点
            
            #不断漫步,直到列表达到指定长度
        while len(self.x_value) < self.num_points:
            
                #决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])#向右走表示1,向左走表示-1
            x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])#沿指定的方向走多远
            x_step = x_direction*x_distance
                
            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            y_step = y_direction*y_distance
                
                #拒绝原地踏步
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue
                    
                #计算下一个点的x和y值
            next_x = self.x_value[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_value[-1] + y_step
                
            self.x_value.append(next_x)
            self.y_value.append(next_y)
                
                
###模拟多次随机漫步
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

while True:
    rw = RandomWalk()
    rw.fill_walk()
    
    point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
    
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value, rw.y_value, c = point_numbers, cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =15)
    plt.show()
    
    keep_running = input('make another walk?(y/n): ')
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): y
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): n
重新绘制起点和中点

让起点和中点变大,并显示为不同的颜色

###设置随机漫步图的样式
#####1.给点着色
from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
    '''生成一个随机漫步数据的类'''
    
    def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):#初始化随机漫步的属性
        self.num_points = num_points
        
        #所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
        self.x_value = [0]
        self.y_value = [0]

    def fill_walk(self): 
        
            #计算随机漫步包含的所有点
            
            #不断漫步,直到列表达到指定长度
        while len(self.x_value) < self.num_points:
            
                #决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])#向右走表示1,向左走表示-1
            x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])#沿指定的方向走多远
            x_step = x_direction*x_distance
                
            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            y_step = y_direction*y_distance
                
                #拒绝原地踏步
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue
                    
                #计算下一个点的x和y值
            next_x = self.x_value[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_value[-1] + y_step
                
            self.x_value.append(next_x)
            self.y_value.append(next_y)
                
                
###模拟多次随机漫步
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

while True:
    rw = RandomWalk()
    rw.fill_walk()
    
    point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
    
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value, rw.y_value, c = point_numbers, cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =15)
    
    
    #突出起点和中点
    plt.scatter(0, 0, c = 'green', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value[-1], rw.y_value[-1], c = 'red', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    
    plt.show()
    
    keep_running = input('make another walk?(y/n): ')
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): y
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): n
隐藏坐标轴,plt.axes()函数
from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
    '''生成一个随机漫步数据的类'''
    
    def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):#初始化随机漫步的属性
        self.num_points = num_points
        
        #所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
        self.x_value = [0]
        self.y_value = [0]

    def fill_walk(self): 
        
            #计算随机漫步包含的所有点
            
            #不断漫步,直到列表达到指定长度
        while len(self.x_value) < self.num_points:
            
                #决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])#向右走表示1,向左走表示-1
            x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])#沿指定的方向走多远
            x_step = x_direction*x_distance
                
            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            y_step = y_direction*y_distance
                
                #拒绝原地踏步
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue
                    
                #计算下一个点的x和y值
            next_x = self.x_value[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_value[-1] + y_step
                
            self.x_value.append(next_x)
            self.y_value.append(next_y)
                
                
###模拟多次随机漫步
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

while True:
    rw = RandomWalk(5000)
    rw.fill_walk()
    
    point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
    
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value, rw.y_value, c = point_numbers, cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =15)
    
    
    #突出起点和中点
    plt.scatter(0, 0, c = 'green', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value[-1], rw.y_value[-1], c = 'red', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    
    #隐藏坐标轴
    plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.show()
    
    keep_running = input('make another walk?(y/n): ')
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): n
增加点数
from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
    '''生成一个随机漫步数据的类'''
    
    def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):#初始化随机漫步的属性
        self.num_points = num_points
        
        #所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
        self.x_value = [0]
        self.y_value = [0]

    def fill_walk(self): 
        
            #计算随机漫步包含的所有点
            
            #不断漫步,直到列表达到指定长度
        while len(self.x_value) < self.num_points:
            
                #决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])#向右走表示1,向左走表示-1
            x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])#沿指定的方向走多远
            x_step = x_direction*x_distance
                
            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            y_step = y_direction*y_distance
                
                #拒绝原地踏步
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue
                    
                #计算下一个点的x和y值
            next_x = self.x_value[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_value[-1] + y_step
                
            self.x_value.append(next_x)
            self.y_value.append(next_y)
                
                
###模拟多次随机漫步
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

while True:
    rw = RandomWalk(50000)#增加点数
    rw.fill_walk()
    
    point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
    
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value, rw.y_value, c = point_numbers, cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =15)
    
    
    #突出起点和中点
    plt.scatter(0, 0, c = 'green', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value[-1], rw.y_value[-1], c = 'red', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    
    #隐藏坐标轴
    plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.show()
    
    keep_running = input('make another walk?(y/n): ')
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): n

调整尺寸以适合屏幕

from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
    '''生成一个随机漫步数据的类'''
    
    def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):#初始化随机漫步的属性
        self.num_points = num_points
        
        #所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
        self.x_value = [0]
        self.y_value = [0]

    def fill_walk(self): 
        
            #计算随机漫步包含的所有点
            
            #不断漫步,直到列表达到指定长度
        while len(self.x_value) < self.num_points:
            
                #决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])#向右走表示1,向左走表示-1
            x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])#沿指定的方向走多远
            x_step = x_direction*x_distance
                
            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            y_step = y_direction*y_distance
                
                #拒绝原地踏步
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue
                    
                #计算下一个点的x和y值
            next_x = self.x_value[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_value[-1] + y_step
                
            self.x_value.append(next_x)
            self.y_value.append(next_y)
                
                
###模拟多次随机漫步
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

while True:
    rw = RandomWalk(50000)#增加点数
    rw.fill_walk()
    
    #设置绘图窗口尺寸,长宽以及分辨率
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6), dpi=128)
    
    point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
    
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value, rw.y_value, c = point_numbers, cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =15)
    
    
    #突出起点和中点
    plt.scatter(0, 0, c = 'green', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    plt.scatter(rw.x_value[-1], rw.y_value[-1], c = 'red', cmap = plt.cm.Blues, s =100)
    
    #隐藏坐标轴
    plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.show()
    
    keep_running = input('make another walk?(y/n): ')
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break
image.png
make another walk?(y/n): n
上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读