ArrayMap

2019-02-16  本文已影响0人  miky_zheng

ArrayMap是android.support.v4.util中的工具类,用来处理key-value类型的数据。

先说优缺点:

优点:
1.节约内存。
a)不用像java的hashmap那样,每个条目添加会创建额外的entry对象(如下代码段)。ArrayMap增长它们只需要复制数组中的条目,而不需要重建散列图。
b)删除会缩小空间

2.遍历查询方便,可以不使用笨重的iteartor。

缺点:
1.查询、添加、删除较java的map慢(查找需要二分查找,添加删除都会插入以及删除条目)。官方建议使用的数量控制在百数据的级别,速度相差低于50%。
2.存在hash冲突。(Java的hashmap是通过entry单链表结合hash算法,来避免hash冲突)

NOTE:由于现在的手机内存都足够,将来也会越来越充足。所以ArrayMap还是少用为好。数据超过百级别,会很耗性能。以下只是通过它的源代码,学习下大神的设计思路。

// hashmap添加元素代码。
 @Override public V put(K key, V value) {
        if (key == null) {
            return putValueForNullKey(value);
        }

        int hash = Collections.secondaryHash(key);
        HashMapEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
        int index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
        for (HashMapEntry<K, V> e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (e.hash == hash && key.equals(e.key)) {
                preModify(e);
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

        // No entry for (non-null) key is present; create one
        modCount++;
        if (size++ > threshold) {
            tab = doubleCapacity();
            index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
        }
      addNewEntry(key, value, hash, index);//新增entry
        return null;
    }

//object 默认hash函数。(如果两个对象equals return true,则他们的hash值是一样的。所以一般hashCode是和equals一起重写的,子类)
 public int hashCode() {
        int lockWord = shadow$_monitor_;
        final int lockWordStateMask = 0xC0000000;  // Top 2 bits.
        final int lockWordStateHash = 0x80000000;  // Top 2 bits are value 2 (kStateHash).
        final int lockWordHashMask = 0x0FFFFFFF;  // Low 28 bits.
        if ((lockWord & lockWordStateMask) == lockWordStateHash) {
            return lockWord & lockWordHashMask;
        }
        return System.identityHashCode(this);
    }

下面看下和普通的hashmap的区别。

构造函数:
 public ArrayMap() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * Create a new ArrayMap with a given initial capacity.
     */
    public ArrayMap(int capacity) {
        super(capacity);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new ArrayMap with the mappings from the given ArrayMap.
     */
    public ArrayMap(SimpleArrayMap map) {
        super(map);
    }

自己没有单独增删改查的方法,是调用父类的增删改查方法。

继承关系,实现了Java 的Map,继承SimpleArrayMap,同java的其他api无关。
public class ArrayMap<K, V> extends SimpleArrayMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V> 

下面着重看SimpleArrayMap的api

1)增:

   final int hash;
        int index;
        if (key == null) {
            hash = 0;
            index = indexOfNull();
        } else {
            hash = key.hashCode();
            index = indexOf(key, hash);
        }
  if (index >= 0) {
            index = (index<<1) + 1;
            final V old = (V)mArray[index];
            mArray[index] = value;
            return old;
        }
 index = ~index;
 if (mSize >= mHashes.length) {
            final int n = mSize >= (BASE_SIZE*2) ? (mSize+(mSize>>1))
                    : (mSize >= BASE_SIZE ? (BASE_SIZE*2) : BASE_SIZE);

            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "put: grow from " + mHashes.length + " to " + n);

            final int[] ohashes = mHashes;
            final Object[] oarray = mArray;
            allocArrays(n);

            if (mHashes.length > 0) {
                if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "put: copy 0-" + mSize + " to 0");
                System.arraycopy(ohashes, 0, mHashes, 0, ohashes.length);
                System.arraycopy(oarray, 0, mArray, 0, oarray.length);
            }

            freeArrays(ohashes, oarray, mSize);
        }

 if (index < mSize) {
            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "put: move " + index + "-" + (mSize-index)
                    + " to " + (index+1));
            System.arraycopy(mHashes, index, mHashes, index + 1, mSize - index);
            System.arraycopy(mArray, index << 1, mArray, (index + 1) << 1, (mSize - index) << 1);
        }

        mHashes[index] = hash;
        mArray[index<<1] = key;
        mArray[(index<<1)+1] = value;
        mSize++;
        return null;

上面的步骤:

  1. 获取key的hash值,并根据key和hash找索引index。
  2. 如果index>=0,说明arraymap中已有相同的key,则将新值插入index的2倍+1位置,并返回索引为index的2倍+1的旧值。
  3. 如果index为负数,取反 ~index。
    a)若arraymap的数据大小大于hash数组的大小。则扩容。
    b) 若索引小于数据总大小,则将mHashes中index老的数据移到 index + 1 中,mArray移动index << 1到(index + 1) << 1
    c)添加mHashes和mArray。 key和value相差一位,并且key在mArray 中的索引 是对应的hash值在mHashes数组的索引的两倍。
 public V remove(Object key) {
        final int index = indexOfKey(key);
        if (index >= 0) {
            return removeAt(index);
        }

        return null;
    }
public V removeAt(int index) {
        final Object old = mArray[(index << 1) + 1];
        if (mSize <= 1) {
            // Now empty.
            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "remove: shrink from " + mHashes.length + " to 0");
            freeArrays(mHashes, mArray, mSize);
            mHashes = ContainerHelpers.EMPTY_INTS;
            mArray = ContainerHelpers.EMPTY_OBJECTS;
            mSize = 0;
        } else {
            if (mHashes.length > (BASE_SIZE*2) && mSize < mHashes.length/3) {
                // Shrunk enough to reduce size of arrays.  We don't allow it to
                // shrink smaller than (BASE_SIZE*2) to avoid flapping between
                // that and BASE_SIZE.
                final int n = mSize > (BASE_SIZE*2) ? (mSize + (mSize>>1)) : (BASE_SIZE*2);

                if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "remove: shrink from " + mHashes.length + " to " + n);

                final int[] ohashes = mHashes;
                final Object[] oarray = mArray;
                allocArrays(n);

                mSize--;
                if (index > 0) {
                    if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "remove: copy from 0-" + index + " to 0");
                    System.arraycopy(ohashes, 0, mHashes, 0, index);
                    System.arraycopy(oarray, 0, mArray, 0, index << 1);
                }
                if (index < mSize) {
                    if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "remove: copy from " + (index+1) + "-" + mSize
                            + " to " + index);
                    System.arraycopy(ohashes, index + 1, mHashes, index, mSize - index);
                    System.arraycopy(oarray, (index + 1) << 1, mArray, index << 1,
                            (mSize - index) << 1);
                }
            } else {
                mSize--;
                if (index < mSize) {
                    if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "remove: move " + (index+1) + "-" + mSize
                            + " to " + index);
                    System.arraycopy(mHashes, index + 1, mHashes, index, mSize - index);
                    System.arraycopy(mArray, (index + 1) << 1, mArray, index << 1,
                            (mSize - index) << 1);
                }
                mArray[mSize << 1] = null;
                mArray[(mSize << 1) + 1] = null;
            }
        }
        return (V)old;
    }

删除步骤:
1.若 mSize <= 1释放数组空间
2.若 mSize>1,又分两种情况。
a)mHashes长度大于8并且 mSize < mHashes.length/3,
比b)多了复制的动作:
System.arraycopy(ohashes, 0, mHashes, 0, index);
System.arraycopy(oarray, 0, mArray, 0, index << 1);

b)其他情况, mHashes和mArray 前移1位。并将mArray保存的key,value清空。

改:(见增)
查:

a) 普通index遍历

//例子
  for(int i=0;i<map.size();i++){
    key=map.keyAt(i);
   value= map.valueAt(i);
}
   
//ArrayMap 父类SimpleArrayMap 获取key,value方法。
public K keyAt(int index) {
        return (K)mArray[index << 1];
    }

    public V valueAt(int index) {
        return (V)mArray[(index << 1) + 1];
    }

b)同普通map遍历的方式

 public Set<Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
        return getCollection().getEntrySet();
    }

    @Override
    public Set<K> keySet() {
        return getCollection().getKeySet();
    }

核心实现:android.support.v4.util.MapCollections类的内部类ArrayIterator和MapIterator
当然也可以用它来添加删除。

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