Tkinter 为了提供了三种标准对话框模块，它们分别是：

messagebox
filedialog
colorchooser

一、 messagebox

• 1、askokcancel

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
def _askokcancel():
    tk.messagebox.askokcancel("tkinter demo", "是否提交？")
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height= window.winfo_screenheight()
width= window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d'%((width-400)/2,(height-300)/2))
tk.Button(window,text="提交",command=_askokcancel).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

• 、通过返回值来确认用户是点击关闭还是确认

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
def _askokcancel():
    re = tk.messagebox.askokcancel("tkinter demo", "是否提交？")
    #点击确认re=True 点击取消 re = False
    if re:
        print("点击确认执行的函数")
    else:
        print("点击取消执行的函数")
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height= window.winfo_screenheight()
width= window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d'%((width-400)/2,(height-300)/2))
tk.Button(window,text="提交",command=_askokcancel).pack()
window.mainloop()

• 2、askquestion

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
def _askquestion():
    re = tk.messagebox.askquestion(title = "tkinter demo", message="是否提交？")
    #点击确认re=True 点击取消 re = False
    if re:
        print("点击确认执行的函数")
    else:
        print("点击取消执行的函数")
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height= window.winfo_screenheight()
width= window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d'%((width-400)/2,(height-300)/2))
tk.Button(window,text="提交",command=_askquestion).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

• 3、askretrycancel

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
def _askretrycancel():
    re = tk.messagebox.askretrycancel(title = "tkinter demo", message="是否提交？")
    #点击确认re=True 点击取消 re = False
    if re:
        print("点击确认执行的函数")
    else:
        print("点击取消执行的函数")
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height= window.winfo_screenheight()
width= window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d'%((width-400)/2,(height-300)/2))
tk.Button(window,text="提交",command=_askretrycancel).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

• 4、askyesno

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox


def _askyesno():
    re = tk.messagebox.askyesno(title="tkinter demo", message="是否提交？")
    # 点击确认re=True 点击取消 re = False
    if re:
        print("点击确认执行的函数")
    else:
        print("点击取消执行的函数")

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height = window.winfo_screenheight()
width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d' % ((width - 400) / 2, (height - 300) / 2))
tk.Button(window, text="提交", command=_askyesno).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

• 5、showerror

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox


def _showerror():
    re = tk.messagebox.showerror(title="tkinter demo", message="是否提交？")
    # 点击确认re=True 点击取消 re = False
    if re:
        print("点击确认执行的函数")
    else:
        print("点击取消执行的函数")


window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height = window.winfo_screenheight()
width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d' % ((width - 400) / 2, (height - 300) / 2))
tk.Button(window, text="提交", command=_showerror).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

• 6、showinfo

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
def _showinfo():
    re = tk.messagebox.showinfo(title="tkinter demo", message="是否提交？")
    # 点击确认re=True 点击取消 re = False
    if re:
        print("点击确认执行的函数")
    else:
        print("点击取消执行的函数")


window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height = window.winfo_screenheight()
width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d' % ((width - 400) / 2, (height - 300) / 2))
tk.Button(window, text="提交", command=_showinfo).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

• 7、showwarning

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox


def _showwarning():
    re = tk.messagebox.showwarning(title="tkinter demo", message="是否提交？")
    # 点击确认re=True 点击取消 re = False
    if re:
        print("点击确认执行的函数")
    else:
        print("点击取消执行的函数")


window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height = window.winfo_screenheight()
width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d' % ((width - 400) / 2, (height - 300) / 2))
tk.Button(window, text="提交", command=_showwarning).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

参数

所有的这些函数都有相同的参数：

title 参数毋庸置疑是设置标题栏的文本
message 参数是设置对话框的主要文本内容，你可以用 '\n' 来实现换行
options 参数可以设置的选项和含义如下表所示

image.png

返回值

askokcancel()，askretrycancel() 和 askyesno() 返回布尔类型的值：

返回 True 表示用户点击了“确定”或“是”按钮
返回 False 表示用户点击了“取消”或“否”按钮
askquestion() 返回“yes”或“no”字符串表示用户点击了“是”或“否”按钮

showerror()，showinfo() 和 showwarning() 返回“ok”表示用户按下了“是”按钮

二、filedialog

filedialog 打开文件

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height = window.winfo_screenheight()
width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d' % ((width - 400) / 2, (height - 300) / 2))

def callback():
    fileName = tk.filedialog.askopenfilename()
    print(fileName)#返回的是个文件地址

tk.Button(window, text="打开文件", command=callback).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

设置正选择图片：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height = window.winfo_screenheight()
width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d' % ((width - 400) / 2, (height - 300) / 2))

def callback():
    fileName = tk.filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("PNG", ".png"), ("JPG", ".jpg"), ("GIF", ".gif")])
    print(fileName)

tk.Button(window, text="打开文件", command=callback).pack()
window.mainloop()

参数

两个函数可供设置的选项是一样的，下边列举了可用的选项及含义：

image.png

返回值

1. 如果用户选择了一个文件，那么返回值是该文件的完整路径

2. 如果用户点击了取消按钮，那么返回值是空字符串

三、colorchooser（颜色选择对话框）

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import colorchooser

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('hello thinter')
height = window.winfo_screenheight()
width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
window.geometry('400x300+%d+%d' % ((width - 400) / 2, (height - 300) / 2))

def callback():
    fileName = tk.colorchooser.askcolor()
    print(fileName)

tk.Button(window, text="选择颜色", command=callback).pack()
window.mainloop()

image.png

参数

askcolor(color, **option) 函数的 color 参数用于指定初始化的颜色，默认是浅灰色；

option 参数可以指定的选项及含义如下：

image.png

返回值

1. 如果用户选择一个颜色并按下“确定”按钮后，返回值是一个 2 元祖，第 1 个元素是选择的 RGB 颜色值，第 2 个元素是对应的 16 进制颜色值

2. 如果用户按下“取消”按钮，那么返回值是 (None, None)