笃学奖-Topic 1-A13214-甘比精读
Day 1 单词作业
1.HBO 家庭影院
Home Box Office(HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite TV network.
2.cable channel 有线（电视）频道
3.sprinkler 洒水装置
mechanical device that attaches to a garden hose（水管） for watering lawn or garden
4.S&P 500 index 标准普尔500指数
An American stock market index based on the market capitalizations of 500 large companies having common stock listed on the NYSEor NASDAQ.（记录美国500家上市公司的一个股票指数。）
5.market capitalisation 市值
an estimation of the value of a business that is obtained by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the current price of a share
6.tick off the pitfalls 列出几个潜在的危机（困难）
put a check mark on or near or next to
迅速报出；列举(项目)：
He ticked off the names of the guests. （他快速地说出了客人们的名字。）
7.nudge 轻推
If you nudge someone or something into a place or position, you gently push them there.
nudged him into the sitting room.
8.beef up 加强
If you beef up something, you increase, strengthen, or improve it.
The analyst says the company has to beef up its sales staff to offset turnover.
9.whinge about 抱怨
to keep complaining in an annoying way
Stop whindgeing about the situation and accept it.
10.resolutely 坚决地；毅然地
showing firm determination or purpose
She resolutely refused to look at him or speak to him.
11.propel its two principal businesses 推进它的两项主要业务
To propel something in a particular direction means to cause it to move in that direction.
12.streaming video 视频流
13.prophecy 预言
A statement in which someone says they strongly believe that a particular thing will happen.
14.debacle 彻底失败
A debacle is an event or attempt that is a complete failure.
People believed it was a privilege to die for your country, but after the debacle of the war they never felt the same again.
15.crank out cash 大幅盈利
If you say that a company or person cranks out a quantity of similar things, you mean they produce them quickly, in the same way, and are usually implying that the things are not original or are of poor quality.
16.wingspan 翼
The wingspan of a bird, insect, or aeroplane is the distance from the end of one wing to the end of the other wing.
But of course as I reflect I realize my wingspan will never be wide enough.
17.bloated 庞大、肿胀
If you describe an organization as bloated, you mean that it is too big and does not work effectively.
This is a game that Microsoft, with its bloated bureaucracy does not want to play.
18.air-freight hub 空运中心
19.Kentucky 肯塔基州
20.cash register 收银机，现金出纳机
21.Seen through this lens 由此看来
Seen through this longer-term lens, the competition among these companies will ultimately come down to what it always come down to — who has the better games.
22.pristine 未受损的，纯净的
immaculately clean and unused
But, of course, this region has always been pristine frontier, rugged and challenging.
23.well-regarded 有声望的，受人尊敬的，有良好道德品质的
24.Harris poll 哈里斯民意测验法
25.a boon to 对...来说是福音
You can describe something as a boon when it makes life better or easier for someone.
26.clout 影响力,势力
A person or institution that has clout has influence and power.
Mr. Sutherland may have the clout needed to push the two trading giants into a deal.
27.inflammatory 使人激愤的
If you accuse someone of saying or doing inflammatory things, you mean that what they say or do is likely to make people react very angrily.
...nationalist policies that are too drastic and inflammatory.
...the posting of inflammatory content on Facebook.
28.chip away 打击、攻击
Though try to chip away Mr.Obama's healthcare legislatioin...
29.predatory pricing 掠夺性订价
Day 2 逻辑导图+神句翻译
（注：原文粗体为值得内化的表达；译文斜体为存疑；引用部分为 Day3 新增的笃师注释。）
1.The former bookseller accounts for more than half of every new dollar spent on line in U.S.
在美国，每发生1美元的线上交易，其中一半以上都来自亚马逊这位前售书商。
新增的线上交易中（把new 体现出来而不是着重于dollar）...书商起家的...占一半以上份额
2.Since the beginning of 2015, its share price has jumped by 173%,seven times quicker than in the two previous years.(and 12 times faster than the S&P 500 Index)
自2015年开年以来，它的股价激增了173%，是前两年的速度的7倍。（并且比标准普尔500指数快了12倍。）
3.With a market capitalization of some 400bn, it is the fifth most valuable firm in the world.
它的市值约为4千亿，现在是世界上第五大最具价值的公司。
以...的市值排名全球第五
4.Never before has a company been worth so much for so long while making so little money: 92% of its value is due to profits expected after 2020.
从未有一家公司可以像亚马逊这样，在收入状况不佳之时，仍能长期保持如此高的公司估值。且其估值的92%都来自于它2020年后的预期收益。
5.Walmart already has revenues nudging 500bn and is beefing up online.
沃尔玛的收入已经缓缓逼近5千亿，而且它的线上销售也在逐渐增强。
6.Last year cash-flow (before investment) was $16bn, more than quadruple the level five years ago.
去年（投资前）的现金流量是一百六十亿，比5年前的4倍还要多。
7.If it makes as much money as investors hope, a rough calculation suggests its earnings could be worth the equivalent of 25% of the combined profits of listed Western retail and media firms.
如果其收益水平真如投资者所期望的那样，那么只需粗略计算我们就可以得出这样的结论：其收益可占到所列出的西方零售商及媒体企业的利润之和的四分之一。
与...预期一致；经初步统计，所有上市公司（此处误译）利润总和的...
8.Ground for skepticism does not come much more fertile than this: Amazon will have to grow faster than almost any big company in modern history to justify its valuation.
人们从未像怀疑过：亚马逊只有比现代历史上的任一家公司发展都快才能证明它的价值。
最强有力的质疑根据是：...支撑其估值。
9.In an era when executives routinely whinge about pressure to produce short-term results, Amazon is resolutely focused on the distant horizon.
在大多数的主管人员都在抱怨眼下要做出业绩有多大压力的时候，亚马逊十分坚定地放眼长远。
当今时代（era）...聚焦（focus on）长远目标（和short-term results词性一致）。
10.Mr. Bezos emphasizes continual investment to propel its two principal businesses.
贝索斯先生强调要持续对公司的两大主要业务进行投资。
...以促进其发展（此处漏译propel）。
11.A third virtuous circle is starting to whirl around Alexa, the firm’s voice-activated assistant:
第三个良性循环则是关于该公司的声音激活助手，Alexa的：
...围绕...，即该公司的声控助手（把长的成分作为隔开的同位语）
12.So long as shareholders retain their faith in this model, Amazon’s heady valuation resembles a self-fulfilling prophecy.
只要股东对这样的模式抱有信心，亚马逊令人振奋的估值就会像一个自我实现的预言一样。
...超高估值...（更简洁，昨天自己翻的有点翻译腔）
13.Their faith is sustained by Amazon’s record.
亚马逊的出色业绩更加坚定了他们的信心。
（sustain想不到合适的说法，就做了改动，不知道合不合适。）
14.It has had its failures—its attempt to make a smart-phone was a debacle. But the business is starting to crank out cash.
它的确也失败过——亚马逊试图去做智能手机就是一大败笔。但这笔生意也开始挣钱了。
（这里不确定the business指代的是智能手机的生意还是全公司的总体情况。）
听到笃师的解答，business指的是公司整体。business作可数名词时，有enterprise之意。
15.If Amazon’s approach to time-frames is unusual, so too is the sheer breadth of its activities.
亚马逊不仅在时间架构的着眼点上非同寻常，它的业务范围也很宽广。
16.A wingspan this large is more reminiscent of a conglomerate than a retailer, which makes Amazon’s share price seem even more bloated: stock markets typically apply a “conglomerate discount” to reflect their in- efficiencies.
像这样大的经营规模更让人觉得它是个企业集团而非零售商。这点也让亚马逊的股价虚高的可能性更高：因为股市通常会因为大型企业的效率问题而对其估值打折扣。
（不知道逻辑有没有意会错。第二句的“seem even more”觉得不是很确切。）
显得更夸张了...“集团化折价” / “多元化折价”
17.Seen through this lens, Amazon appears pristine.
从这点上看的话，亚马逊就没有什么大问题（引起反垄断机构的调查）了。
...并无过失（更书面）。
18.Consumers applaud it; it is the most well-regarded company in America, according to a Harris poll.
消费者都为它喝彩；根据哈里斯民意测验，它是美国名声最好的公司了。
（它在消费者中呼声很高？）
同义替换的积累：most admired/most highly-regarded/best percived
19.If it gets anywhere close to fulfilling them, it will attract the attention of regulators.
如果亚马逊向这样的目标靠近，它势必会引起监管者的注意。
...几乎实现...
20.But as it grows, so will concerns about its power.
但随着它的发展，关于它影响力是否过大的担忧也将伴之而来。
粗体句型：随着...也就...
21.Investors value Amazon’s growth over pro-fits; that makes predatory pricing more tempting.
投资者根据亚马逊的利润对其进行估值；这使得掠夺性定价更具诱惑力。
...比起利润更看重其增长...（此处误译）
value/choose A over B 看重/选择 A 而非 B
Day 3 反思总结
可能是最近在积累同义词的缘故，第一遍看的时候就注意到很多处的用词可以内化来替换，后来也看到了笃师补充的别的同义词。关于句子翻译的一些问题已经直接在Day 2的部分做出修正。
经济学人还是一如既往的绕，但这三天在看笃师讲解和群内问答的过程中对一些不熟悉的概念和理解困难的地方有了认知。
对文章整体的把握上，我并未把government这个信息点提炼到主旨里（可能和笃师所说的这篇文章有点头重脚轻有关）；甚至在做思维导图的时候都把更多的注意点放在“encourage regulators to think differently”上，着重在段内这前后的对比上。后者我认为很重要的原因就是没有对段落首尾句引起足够的重视。在听完今天的讲解音频后才明白之前都没有很好地利用起首尾句来架构大致的框架。
如果说“带着目的读”是在热身任务的文章里习得的观点，那第一篇文章的消化让我更深地体会到“带着首尾句和信号词读”才能读的更快、逻辑更明晰。也希望这样的技巧，之后自己要更注意观察、更用心学。因为之前自己读经济学人的时候，总是会出现像这篇文章这样大大小小的重点摆错的情况。希望训练完8个topic，除了内化词句、积累背景知识外，也要提炼出这类文章的阅读技巧。
