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2020-08-14JDBC

2020-08-23  本文已影响0人  智障猿

JDBC概念

快速入门

  1. 导入驱动jar包
    ①复制jar包到项目的libs目录下
    ②右键->add as library
  2. 注册驱动
  3. 获取数据库的连接对象Connection
  4. 定义sql语句
  5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
  6. 执行sql,接收返回的结果
  7. 处理结果
  8. 释放资源
public class jdbcDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//      1.导入jar包
//      2.注册驱动程序
        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
//      3.获取数据库连接对象
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&&serverTimezone = GMT", "root", "545267257zzt");
//      4.定义sql语句
        String sql = "update class set name = '1' where cid =1 ";
//      5. 获取执行sql语句的对象
2020-08-14JDBC
同步滚动:
JDBC概念
JAVA DATABASE CONNECTIVITY java数据库连接
JDBC本质:是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则(接口)。各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类
快速入门
导入驱动jar包
①复制jar包到项目的libs目录下
②右键->add as library
注册驱动
获取数据库的连接对象Connection
定义sql语句
获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
执行sql,接收返回的结果
处理结果
释放资源
public class jdbcDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//      1.导入jar包
//      2.注册驱动程序
        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
//      3.获取数据库连接对象
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&&serverTimezone = GMT", "root", "545267257zzt");
//      4.定义sql语句
        String sql = "update class set name = '1' where cid =1 ";
//      5. 获取执行sql语句的对象
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//      6.执行sql
        int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
//      7. 处理结果
        System.out.println(i);
//      8. 释放资源
        connection.close();
        statement.close();
    }
}
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//      6.执行sql
        int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
//      7. 处理结果
        System.out.println(i);
//      8. 释放资源
        connection.close();
        statement.close();
    }
}

详解对象

DriverManager:驱动管理对象

功能

  1. 注册驱动:告诉程序该使用哪个数据库的jar
    真正进行注册是的java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver()
    但是通过反射Class.forName()将com.mysql.jc.jdbc.driver加载到内存,自动执行了包含java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver()的静态代码块
  2. 获得数据库连接
    url:jdbc:mysql://ip地址:端口号/数据库名称
    user:用户名
    password:密码

Connection:数据库连接对象

功能

  1. 获得执行sql的对象
    Statement createStatement()
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
  2. 管理事务
    开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit): 调用改方法设置参数未false,即开始事务
    回滚事务:rollback()
    提交事务:commit()

Statement:执行静态sql语句并返回其生成的结果的对象

  1. int excuteUpdate(String sql):执行DML,DDL语句(增删改语句,对数据库和数据表的操作);返回的int是受sql执行影响的行数
  2. ResultSet excuteQuery(String sql):执行DQL语句,返回结果集

public class jdbcDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        try {
            //1.注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            //2.获得连接对象jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4?characterEncoding=utf-8
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT", "root", "545267257zzt");
            //3.获取statement执行sql的对象
            statement = conn.createStatement();
            //4.定义sql语句
            String sql = "update class set name = '高二1班' where cid = 1";
            //5.执行sql语句,获得结果
            int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
            //6.操作结果
            System.out.println(i);
            if (i==1){
                System.out.println("执行成功");
            }else{
                System.out.println("执行失败");
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (statement!=null){
                try {
                    statement.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (conn!=null) {
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果

  1. next():游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,如果不是则返回true
  2. getXxx(参数):获取数据,Xxx是数据类型,参数如果是int值表示是列的编号,参数如果是string代表列的名称
    遍历结果集
where(result.next()!=false){
    int i = result.getInt("id");
    String name = result.getString("name");
}

public class jdbcDemo5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT", "root", "545267257zzt");
            statement = conn.createStatement();
            String sql = "select t1.id as id,t1.name as name,t2.name as class from student t1,class t2 where t1.cid = t2.cid";
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
                String name = resultSet.getString("name");
                String aClass = resultSet.getString("class");
                System.out.println(id + "--------" + name + "----------" + aClass);
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (resultSet != null) {
                try {
                    resultSet.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (statement!=null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (conn!=null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象,解决sql注入问题

①SQL注入:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题
②预编译sql:参数使用?作为占位符,使用时给?赋值

PreparedStatement  ps =connection.prepareStatement(String sql);
setXxx(参数1,参数2):参数1是?的位置,参数2是传入的值
ResultSet resultSet = ps.excuteQuery();

JDBC工具类

package cn.it.util;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class jdbcUtils {
    private static String url;
    private static String user;
    private static String password;
    private static String driver;

    //读取资源问价,获取值
    static {
        //读取文件
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            //获取src路径下的文件的方法 ClassLoader类加载器
            ClassLoader classLoader = jdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader();
            URL resource = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
            String path = resource.getPath();
            properties.load(new FileReader(path));

            url=properties.getProperty("url");
            user=properties.getProperty("user");
            password=properties.getProperty("password");
            driver=properties.getProperty("driver");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection() {
        Connection connection=null;
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }

        return connection;
    }

    //资源释放
    public static void close(Statement statement, Connection connection) {
        if (statement != null) {
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (connection != null) {
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void close(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement, Connection connection) {
        if (resultSet != null) {
            try {
                resultSet.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (statement != null) {
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (connection != null) {
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT
user=root
password=545267257zzt
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

JDBC控制事务

  1. 使用Connection对象来管理事务
    ①开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit):调用该方法设置参数是false,开启事务
    ②回滚事务:rollback()
    ③提交事务:commit()
  2. 使用事务实现转账的案例
package cn.it.jdbc;

import cn.it.util.jdbcUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class jdbcDemo6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement1 = null;
        try {
            connection = jdbcUtils.getConnection();
            String sql1 = "update account set balance = balance + ? where id = ?";
            String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance - ? where id = ?";
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql1);
            preparedStatement.setInt(1, 500);
            preparedStatement.setInt(2, 1);
            preparedStatement1 = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
            preparedStatement1.setInt(1, 500);
            preparedStatement1.setInt(2, 2);
            connection.setAutoCommit(false);
            int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
            int i1 = preparedStatement1.executeUpdate();

            //认为制造异常
            int ii=3/0;
            //事务提交要放到最后
            connection.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            try {
                if (connection != null) {
                    connection.rollback();
                }
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        jdbcUtils.close(preparedStatement, connection);
        jdbcUtils.close(preparedStatement1, connection);
    }
}

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