Linux-c inotify监控目录和文件使用

2022-04-17  本文已影响0人  张氏小毛驴

在Linux相关项目中,遇到过这样子的需求,要监控某个目录下文件的改动,比如新建,删除等,这时候inotify就派上用场了。

相应头文件是:#include <sys/inotify.h>

inotify相关API


读取事件


读取事件是调用系统read()函数,其中参数为inotify初始化返回的文件描述符,而读取事件会返回一个inotify_event结构体,如下:

struct inotify_event  
{  
    int wd; /* Watch descriptor. */  
    unit32_t mask; /* Watch mask */  
    unit32_t cookie; /* Cookie to synchronize two events. */  
    unit32_t len; /* Length (including NULLs) of name. */  
    char name[]; /* Name. */  
};  

wd:inotify标识符(就是inotify_add_watch的返回值)
mask:事件的掩码
cookie:文件被修改时才用到
name:就是发生改变的文件/目录的名字
len:就是name的长度

关闭inotify监听


如同文件操作一样,inotify在最后也要调用close()函数关闭监听,参数为初始化时候返回的文件描述符。

事件类型


Sample


#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/inotify.h>

#define EVENT_SIZE  ( sizeof (struct inotify_event) )
#define EVENT_BUF_LEN     ( 1024 * ( EVENT_SIZE + 16 ) )

int main(void)
{
    int length, i = 0;
    int fd;
    int wd;
    char buffer[EVENT_BUF_LEN];

    //inotify初始化
    fd = inotify_init();
    if (fd < 0) 
    {
        perror("inotify_init");
        return -1;
    }

    //监听/mnt和/home目录
    wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/mnt", IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
    printf("1.wd = %d\n",wd);
    wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/home", IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE); 
    printf("2.wd = %d\n",wd);
    
    while(1)
    {
        i = 0;
        length = read(fd, buffer, EVENT_BUF_LEN);
        if (length < 0)
        {
            perror("read");
            continue;
        }

        while (i < length) 
        {
            struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
            if (event->len) 
            {
                if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) 
                {
                    if (event->mask & IN_ISDIR) 
                    {
                        printf("New directory wd = %d .\n", event->wd);
                        printf("New directory %s created.\n", event->name);
                    } 
                    else 
                    {
                        printf("New file wd = %d .\n", event->wd);
                        printf("New file %s created.\n", event->name);
                    }
                } 
                else if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) 
                {
                    if (event->mask & IN_ISDIR) 
                    {
                        printf("Directory wd = %d deleted.\n", event->wd);
                        printf("Directory %s deleted.\n", event->name);
                    } 
                    else 
                    {
                        printf("File wd = %d deleted.\n", event->wd);
                        printf("File %s deleted.\n", event->name);
                    }
                }
            }
            i += EVENT_SIZE + event->len;
        }

    }
    
    inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
    close(fd);
    
    return 0;
}

注意在事件发生时候,inotify.event.name的问题,可以参考这篇博文:
https://ixyzero.com/blog/archives/3513.html

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