Shell（三）vim快速手册

vi（vim是其增强款）是一款功能强大的文本编辑器，它朴实无华，所有的文本编辑任务都可以用键盘完成，根本不依赖鼠标。刚开始用vim时你可能有些不习惯，但是一旦你熟悉了它的众多快捷键，你就会爱上它们，再也离不开了！

在开始正文之前，先分享一个在线玩游戏学vim的网站Vim Adventures，你可以边玩边学。

基本技巧

:q

离开vi编辑器

:w

存档

1. vi三种模式

   command mode

   insert mode

   ex mode(extended mode)

command mode

按 A键进入insert mode

insert mode

按 <Esc>键返回command mode

ex mode

2. 光标移动

   h-left

   j-down

   k-up

   l-right

    arrow keys also work
   

   w-word ahead

   b-word back

   (-sentence back

   )-sentence forward

   {-paragraph above

   }-paragraph below

3. 进入insert mode

   a append after the cursor

   i insert before the cursor

   A append to the end of line

   I insert at beginning of line

   o open a line below

   O open a line above

4. change/delete/yank(copy) : command code

        change  delete  yank(copy)
   

line cc dd yy

letter cl dl yl

word cw dw yw

5. put(paste) : command mode

use p or P to put changed, deleted or copied data

for line oriented data

p puts the data below the current line

P puts the data above the current line

for character oriented data

p puts the data after the cursor

P puts the data before the cursor

6. 回复undo

u

undo most recent change

<ctrl-r>

redo last "undone" change

U

undo all changes to the current line

7. searching for text : command mode

/text

search downwards for "text"

?text

search upwards for "text"

n

continue search in the same direction

N

continue search in the opposite direction

8. command-mode tricks

dtc

delete from cursor to the letter c

rc

replace a character with c

x

delete a character

5dd

delete 5 lines

5yy

copied 5 lines

5x

delete 5 characters

R

replace character-for-character until <Esc>

    replace mode

9. saving and quitting : ex mode

:w

saving(writing)

:q

quitting

:wq

saving and quitting

!

forcing

:w!

forcing save

:q!

forcing quit

:wq!

forcing save and quit

高阶技巧

1. file repositioning

G

go to last line in file

1G

go to first line in file

<ctrl-d>

go down half a screen

<ctrl-u>

go up half a screen

2. screen repositioning

H

M

L

z+<Enter>

make current line the first line on screen

z+-

make current line the last line on screen

3. filering

!!

the output of a command can be placed in the file

!}

the data in the file can be used as input

4. advanced reading and saving

:r file1

read the file1 into current file

:1,20w file2

write lines 1 through 20 to the file2

:1,$w file3

write entire file to the file3

:1,20w >> file4

append lines 1 through 20 to the file4

:n

move to the next file

:rew

rewind to the first file

:n#

jump to the previous file, thus toggling between two files

5. 设置vi

set

set all

set ignorecase

最后

当然，还要提一下我新近学的一个标记功能，可以快速切换到文章中的不同位置：

m+<a>。即按下m和a键

mark one line with label a

'+<a>

goto the marked line labeled by a

(公众号：生信了)

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