a. 引言

i. 虚拟条件句：两类三时

1. 假设条件句 表主观愿望，实现的可能性不大或极小
2. 事实相反句 表示与现在或过去某个事实相反的情形
3. 对三种事件虚拟 ： 将来、现在、过去

ii. 虚拟条件句的谓语变化

1. 将来 主句：would(could, might)+do 从句:were to do/should do
2. 现在 主句 would(could, might)+do 从句：did/were
3. 过去 主句 would(could, might) + have done 从句：had done/been

iii. 各种虚拟组合情况

1. 现在虚拟 would do + if … did
2. 主过从过 would have done + if …. Had done
3. 主现从过 would do + if … had done
4. 主过从现 would have done + if …. did

iv. 使用虚拟的注意点

1. 是否虚拟 汉语天生虚拟缺失，英语不同
2. 何时虚拟 是对现在、将来还是过去虚拟
3. 主句虚拟 判断主从 选不同的谓语形式 Would do/have done
4. 从句虚拟 选不同的谓语形式 were to do, should do, did/were

b. 将来虚拟 谈不太可能的情况

i. If I were to live my life over again, I would have you as my wife
ii. If I should win the lottery, I would buy a house

c. 现在虚拟

i. 现在虚拟的谓语形式，主句谓语用would+动词原形，从句谓语用过去式，若从句时be动词，就多用Were少用was

d. 过去虚拟 主语的谓语采用 would have done,从句的谓语采用 had done

e. 混合虚拟： 主句现在+从句过去

i. What an accident, if you had been careful, it wouldn’t be as they are
ii. If they had invested in that stock, they might be wealthy now

f. 混合虚拟：主句过去+从句现在 主句表示对过去事实的虚拟，从句表示对现在事实的虚拟

i. If didn’t love her, I wouldn't have married her
ii. If you knew me better , u wouldn’t have said that

g. 倒装虚拟 省去if，将should, had, were 置于句首

i. Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car
ii. Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company

h. 跳层虚拟

i. 陈述句+or/or else/otherwise+虚拟主句

1. 主语+一般现在时的谓语形式,or+主句+would do->表示对现在事实的虚拟
2. 主语+一般过时的谓语形式,or+主句+would have done->表示对过去事实的虚拟
   a. We didn’t know his phone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him
   b. He must have heard the initial instructions, or he would not have known where to take her 注：must have heard表对过去的推测

ii. 虚拟主句+but+陈述句

1. 主语+would do,But+主语+一般现在时的谓语形式->表示对过去的虚拟
   a. He would put on weight, But he doesn’t eat much
2. 主语+would have done，But +主语+一般过去时的谓语形式->表示对过去事实的虚拟。
   a. He could not have bought that limousine, but he inherited a big fortune from his father

i. 名词从句中如何使用虚拟 should+动词原形 should可以省略

i. 在下列宾语从句中 ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, deserve, desire, determine, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge

1. He father urged that he (should)study medicine

j. It is+形容词/过去分词/特定的名词/+ that名词从句

i. 形容词 astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital

1. It’s strange that he should not come here 他竟然没来，这真是太奇怪了

ii. 过去分词 decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, required, recommended, suggested

iii. 特定名词 advice, decision, demand, pray, motion, suggestion, resolution, requirement, idea, order, proposal, recommendation, preference, insistence

k. 各种虚拟句型

i. Wish后面跟宾语从句

1. 对现在的虚拟
   a. I wish I were a little younger
2. 对过去的虚拟 had done或 could/would + 现在完成时
   a. I wish I had been there
3. 对将来的虚拟:could/would + 动词原形
   a. I wish you would shut up

ii. If only 的感叹句中 表 但愿、要是 。。。就好了

1. If only the rain would stop
2. If only I were taller
3. If only he had followed your advice

iii. 在as if/as though 引导的从句中

1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时
   a. I really don’t care for the way you’re speaking to me, it seems as if you were my father
2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时 但是若根据现在迹象做出推测，有可能发生，则用陈述语气。
   a. We have not seen each other for ten solid years, but when we encountered on the street that day, we are still so affectionate that it seemed as if not a single day had gone by.
   b. It seems as if he has been to America
   c. It is becoming dark. It looks as if it’s going to rain

iv. It is (high) time (that) 从句

1. Don’t dawdle away your youth any more, it’s time you thought about your future

v. Would rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer

1. Would rather do sth 表自己宁愿做某事
   a. I would rather go there tomorrow
2. Would rather have done sth 某人宁愿过去做了某事，实际没做，与过去相反
   a. I took Sally to the cinema last night, I would rather have been there alone
3. Would rather sb did 宁愿让另一个人做某事
   a. Don't come tomorrow, I’d rather you came next weekend.
4. Would rather sb had done 宁愿某人过去做了某事
   a. I’d as soon you hadn’t spoken rudely to her