ConfigMap使用方法

2018-11-01  本文已影响65人  很少更新了

ConfigMap概览

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T19:14:38Z
  name: example-config
  namespace: default
data:
  example.property.1: hello
  example.property.2: world
  example.property.file: |-
    property.1=value-1
    property.2=value-2
    property.3=value-3
设置环境变量的值
在容器里设置命令行参数
在数据卷里面创建config文件
用户和系统组件两者都可以在ConfigMap里面存储配置数据。
Examples:
  # Create a new configmap named my-config based on folder bar
  kubectl create configmap my-config --from-file=path/to/bar

  # Create a new configmap named my-config with specified keys instead of file basenames on disk
  kubectl create configmap my-config --from-file=key1=/path/to/bar/file1.txt --from-file=key2=/path/to/bar/file2.txt

  # Create a new configmap named my-config with key1=config1 and key2=config2
  kubectl create configmap my-config --from-literal=key1=config1 --from-literal=key2=config2

创建ConfigMaps

使用目录创建

$ ls docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/
game.properties
ui.properties

$ cat docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/game.properties
enemies=aliens
lives=3
enemies.cheat=true
enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
secret.code.allowed=true
secret.code.lives=30

$ cat docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/ui.properties
color.good=purple
color.bad=yellow
allow.textmode=true
how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
$ kubectl create configmap game-config --from-file=docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl
$ kubectl describe configmaps game-config
Name:           game-config
Namespace:      default
Labels:         <none>
Annotations:    <none>

Data
====
game.properties:        158 bytes
ui.properties:          83 bytes
$ kubectl get configmaps game-config -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  game.properties: |
    enemies=aliens
    lives=3
    enemies.cheat=true
    enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
    secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
    secret.code.allowed=true
    secret.code.lives=30
  ui.properties: |
    color.good=purple
    color.bad=yellow
    allow.textmode=true
    how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T18:34:05Z
  name: game-config
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "407"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config
  uid: 30944725-d66e-11e5-8cd0-68f728db1985

使用文件创建

$ kubectl create configmap game-config-2 --from-file=docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/game.properties 

$ kubectl get configmaps game-config-2 -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  game-special-key: |
    enemies=aliens
    lives=3
    enemies.cheat=true
    enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
    secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
    secret.code.allowed=true
    secret.code.lives=30
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T18:54:22Z
  name: game-config-3
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "530"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config-3
  uid: 05f8da22-d671-11e5-8cd0-68f728db1985

使用字面值创建

$ kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very --from-literal=special.type=charm

$ kubectl get configmaps special-config -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  special.how: very
  special.type: charm
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T19:14:38Z
  name: special-config
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "651"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/special-config
  uid: dadce046-d673-11e5-8cd0-68f728db1985

Pod中使用ConfigMap

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: special-config
  namespace: default
data:
  special.how: very
  special.type: charm
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: env-config
  namespace: default
data:
  log_level: INFO
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
      env:
        - name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: special-config
              key: special.how
        - name: SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: special-config
              key: special.type
      envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: env-config
  restartPolicy: Never
SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very
SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY=charm
log_level=INFO

用ConfigMap设置命令行参数

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: special-config
  namespace: default
data:
  special.how: very
  special.type: charm
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "echo $(SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY) $(SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY)" ]
      env:
        - name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: special-config
              key: special.how
        - name: SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: special-config
              key: special.type
  restartPolicy: Never
very charm

通过数据卷插件使用ConfigMap

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: special-config
  namespace: default
data:
  special.how: very
  special.type: charm
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "cat /etc/config/special.how" ]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: special-config
  restartPolicy: Never

*运行这个Pod的输出是very。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh","-c","cat /etc/config/path/to/special-key" ]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: special-config
        items:
        - key: special.how
          path: path/to/special-key
  restartPolicy: Never

这里有几点需要注意。

挂载目录下的文件名称,即为cm定义里的key值。
挂载目录下的文件的内容,即为cm定义里的value值。value可以多行定义,这在一些稍微复杂的场景下特别有用,比如 my.cnf。
如果挂载目录下原来有文件,挂载后将不可见(AUFS)。
有的时候,我们希望将文件挂载到某个目录,但希望只是挂载该文件,不要影响挂载目录下的其他文件。有办法吗?

可以用subPath: Path within the volume from which the container's volume should be mounted。Volume中待挂载的子目录。

subPath 的目的是为了在单一Pod中多次使用同一个volume而设计的。

例如,像下面的LAMP,可以将同一个volume下的 mysql 和 html目录,挂载到不同的挂载点上,这样就不需要为 mysql 和 html 单独创建volume了。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-lamp-site
spec:
    containers:
    - name: mysql
      image: mysql
      env:
      - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
        value: "rootpasswd" 
      volumeMounts:
      - mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
        name: site-data
        subPath: mysql
    - name: php
      image: php:7.0-apache
      volumeMounts:
      - mountPath: /var/www/html
        name: site-data
        subPath: html
    volumes:
    - name: site-data
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: my-lamp-site-data

那怎么解决我们的问题呢?很简单,如果subPath不是目录,而是一个文件,那么就可以达到单独挂载的目的了。

containers:
- volumeMounts:
  - name: demo-config
    mountPath: /etc/special.type
    subPath: special.type
volumes:
- name: demo-config
  configMap:
    name: special-config
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