iOS常用

iOS 截取、剪裁、压缩和拉伸图片

2020-09-04  本文已影响0人  大成小栈

在 iOS 开发过程中,对图片的处理不仅仅局限于显示、渲染样式,还常常遇到对view指定区域截图,以及对图片的压缩、拉伸等操作。下面我们介绍一下类似的操作过程:

1. 在view中截取指定区域

+ (UIImage *)captureView:(UIView *)view atRect:(CGRect)rect {
    
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(view.frame.size, NO, [UIScreen mainScreen].scale);
    //UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(rect.size, NO, [UIScreen mainScreen].scale);
    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
    if (context == NULL) {
        return nil;
    } else {
        CGContextSaveGState(context);
        UIRectClip(rect);
        [view.layer renderInContext:context];
        CGContextRestoreGState(context);
        UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

        return image;
    }
    
    
//    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(rect.size, NO, [UIScreen mainScreen].scale);
//    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
//    if (context == NULL) {
//        return nil;
//    } else {
//        CGContextSaveGState(context);
//        UIRectClip(rect);
//        CGContextTranslateCTM(context, -rect.origin.x, -rect.origin.y);
//        [view snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:YES];
//        if([view respondsToSelector:@selector(drawViewHierarchyInRect:afterScreenUpdates:)]) {
//            [view drawViewHierarchyInRect:rect afterScreenUpdates:NO];
//        } else {
//             [view.layer renderInContext:context];
//        }
//
//        CGContextRestoreGState(context);
//        UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
//        UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
//
//        return image;
//    }
}
UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(CGSizeMake(CGRectGetWidth(self.view.frame), CGRectGetHeight(self.view.frame)), YES, 0.0);
[self.view drawViewHierarchyInRect:self.view.bounds afterScreenUpdates:NO];
UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
// size 是指绘图的上下文的宽高,即画布的大小
// opaque 画布是否透明,YES: 画布背景为黑色  NO: 画布背景为白色
// scale 绘制图片的像素比,决定所绘图的清晰度,0.0为默认屏幕缩放比
UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(CGSize size, BOOL opaque, CGFloat scale);

// 注意:该方法针对view,将绘制整个view
// rect 是被截图的整个view绘制至目标画布的frame(相当于以画布为父view)
// afterUpdates 截图的瞬间是否将屏幕当前的变更渲染进去
- (BOOL)drawViewHierarchyInRect:(CGRect)rect afterScreenUpdates:(BOOL)afterUpdates;

// 作用于CALayer层,将其layer渲染至当前context中
- (void)renderInContext:(CGContextRef)ctx;

// 注:
// renderInContext 是view的layer渲染到当前的上下文中;
// drawViewHierarchyInRect 是对view进行一个快照,并将快照绘制到画布上。

注:通过UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(CGSize size, BOOL opaque, CGFloat scale)drawViewHierarchyInRect的配合来截取并渲染出来的图片位置和大小,是由前者的size和后者的rect共同决定的。即,画布相当于父view,其尺寸为size,截图绘制到画布中的位置和尺寸为rect。

想试一试的同学,可以创建一个demo,取不同的size和rect值,来观察画布和截图的位置。也可以试着将画布和截图完全吻合,即将截图完整的渲染出来,这并不难。

2. 裁剪图片

裁剪图片就是对当前的图片按照指定的大小范围生成一个新的图片。需要注意的是如果当前显示图片是2倍图或者3倍图,要么可能尺寸不对,要么截出来的图片很模糊,因此,需要在截图前调整rect值。

// 方式1
- (UIImage *)clipImage:(UIImage *)image toRect:(CGRect)rect {
    
    rect.origin.x *= image.scale;
    rect.origin.y *= image.scale;
    rect.size.width *= image.scale;
    rect.size.height *= image.scale;
    CGImageRef imageRef = CGImageCreateWithImageInRect(image.CGImage, rect);
    UIImage *newImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef scale:clipImage.scale orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
    CGImageRelease(imageRef);

    return newImage;
}

// 方式2
- (UIImage *)clipImage:(UIImage *)image toWidth:(CGFloat)targetWidth {

    CGSize imageSize = image.size;
    CGFloat Originalwidth = imageSize.width;
    CGFloat Originalheight = imageSize.height;
    CGFloat targetHeight = Originalheight / Originalwidth * targetWidth;
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(targetWidth, targetHeight));
    [image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0,0,targetWidth,  targetHeight)];
    UIImage* newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

    return newImage;
}

3. 压缩图片

- (NSData *)compressOriginalImage:(UIImage *)image toMaxDataSizeKBytes:(CGFloat)size
{
    UIImage *OriginalImage = image;
    NSData * data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0);
    CGFloat dataKBytes = data.length/1000.0;
    CGFloat maxQuality = 0.9f;
    
    // 若首次压缩不<100k, 则减小尺寸并重新压缩
    while (dataKBytes > size)
    {
        while (dataKBytes > size && maxQuality > 0.1f)
        {
            maxQuality = maxQuality - 0.1f;
            data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, maxQuality);
            dataKBytes = data.length / 1000.0;
            if(dataKBytes <= size )
            {
                return data;
            }
        }
        OriginalImage =[self compressOriginalImage:OriginalImage toWidth:OriginalImage.size.width * 0.8];
        image = OriginalImage;
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0);
        dataKBytes = data.length / 1000.0;
        maxQuality = 0.9f;
    }
    return data;
}

注:UIImageJPEGRepresentation 两个参数:图片引用 和压缩系数,而 UIImagePNGRepresentation 只需图片引用作为参数。在实际使用过程中,UIImagePNGRepresentation(UIImage* image) 一般要比UIImageJPEGRepresentation(UIImage* image, 1.0) 返回的图片数据量大,在处理图片时,若对图片质量要求不高,则建议使用UIImageJPEGRepresentation,根据自己的实际使用场景设置压缩系数,进一步降低图片数据量大小。

4. 拉伸图片

在 >= iOS 5.0 时,UIImage的新方法可以处理图片的拉伸问题:

- (UIImage *)resizableImageWithCapInsets:(UIEdgeInsets)capInsets;

使用过程:

+ (UIImage *)resizableImageName:(NSString *)imageName {
    
    UIImage *oldBackgroundImage = [Utility imageNamedWithFileName:imageName];
    CGFloat top = oldBackgroundImage.size.height * 0.5;
    CGFloat left = oldBackgroundImage.size.width * 0.5;
    CGFloat bottom = oldBackgroundImage.size.height * 0.5;
    CGFloat right = oldBackgroundImage.size.width * 0.5;
    
    UIEdgeInsets edgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(top, left, bottom, right);
    UIImageResizingMode mode = UIImageResizingModeStretch;
    UIImage *newBackgroundImage = [oldBackgroundImage resizableImageWithCapInsets:edgeInsets resizingMode:mode];
    
    return newBackgroundImage;
}

在 >= iOS 6.0 时,UIImage的新方法可以处理图片的拉伸问题:

- (UIImage *)resizableImageWithCapInsets:(UIEdgeInsets)capInsets resizingMode:(UIImageResizingMode)resizingMode;

对比iOS5.0中的方法,只多了一个UIImageResizingMode参数:
UIImageResizingModeStretch:拉伸模式
UIImageResizingModeTile:平铺模式

使用过程:

CGFloat top = 25;
CGFloat bottom = 25;
CGFloat left = 10;
CGFloat right = 10;
UIEdgeInsets insets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(top, left, bottom, right);

image = [image resizableImageWithCapInsets:insets resizingMode:UIImageResizingModeStretch];



参考文章:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/164b8373d17e
https://blog.csdn.net/q199109106q/article/details/8615661

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