枚举类

2020-12-17  本文已影响0人  冯宏志
枚举类的理解
  1. 类的对象只有有限个,确定的
  2. 当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
  3. 如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式
如何定义枚举类

方式一:jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类(此枚举类继承于Object)

package com.atguigu.java;

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
    }
}

class Season{
    //1、声明Season对象属性:private final 修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2、私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3、提供当前枚举类的多个对象
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //4、其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    //其他诉求2:提供toSring

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

方式二:在jdk5.0时,可以用enum关键字定义枚举类(此枚举类继承于java.lang.Enum类)
说明:定义的枚举类继承于class java.lang.Enum,所以toString方法已经重写,输出对象名

package com.atguigu.java;

public class SeasonTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 spring = Season1.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);//SPRING
        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());//查询到父类为class java.lang.Enum
    }
}

enum Season1{
    //1、提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用逗号隔开,末尾对象用分号结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //2、声明Season对象属性:private final 修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //3、私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }


    //4、其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

}

Enum类中的常用方法

toString()返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
value():返回枚举类的对象数组,该方法可以方便的遍历所有枚举值
valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象
如果没有objName的枚举类对象,则抛异常:IllegalArgumentException

System.out.println(spring);//SPRING,调用引用相当于调用该引用的toString()方法

 //values()方法的使用
        Season1[] values = Season1.values();
        for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }

//valueOf(String objName)方法的使用
        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);
使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
interface Info{
    public void show();
}

 SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("接口实现:春天");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("接口实现:夏天");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("接口实现:秋天");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("接口实现:冬天");
        }
    };
上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读