用wait/notifyall来实现多个生产者和消费者

2019-12-27  本文已影响0人  就这些吗

在这里先放一些知识点:
1.wait()、notify()和notifyAll()都是Object的方法,都会释放锁。

为什么这些操作线程的方法要定义在object类中呢?
简单说:因为synchronized中的这把锁可以是任意对象,所以任意对象都可以调用wait()和notify();所以wait和notify属于Object。

2.如果生产者和消费者都是用同一个锁对象,当某个消费线程消费完了,使用 notify 或者 notifyAll 唤醒其他线程。其实我们的本意唤醒生产线程就可以了,但是 notifyAll 会去唤醒所有线程,包括消费线程,这样的话将会导致很多的无用功,浪费系统资源。如果不用 notifyAll,而把上面的代码改成 notify 的话,那会使用生产/消费速度变得奇慢无比,因为notify是随机唤醒的
解决方案:

一般的做法是修改一个特定标识,然后notifyAll,被唤醒的线程查看该标识是否指定自己处理,是就运行下去,不是就继续wait
还有一种做法是针对每一个线程做一个wait object,要唤醒哪一个就notify哪一个object就行了,但是能不能这样做去取决于你的业务需求

生产者:


import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class Producer implements Runnable {

    // true--->生产者一直执行,false--->停掉生产者
    private volatile boolean isRunning = true;

    // 公共资源
    private final Vector sharedQueue;

    // 公共资源的最大数量
    private final int SIZE;

    // 生产数据
    private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();

    public Producer(Vector sharedQueue, int SIZE) {
        this.sharedQueue = sharedQueue;
        this.SIZE = SIZE;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int data;
        Random r = new Random();

        System.out.println("start producer id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        try {
            while (isRunning) {
                // 模拟延迟
                Thread.sleep(r.nextInt(1000));

                // 当队列满时阻塞等待
                while (sharedQueue.size() == SIZE) {
                    synchronized (sharedQueue) {
                        System.out.println("Queue is full, producer " + Thread.currentThread().getId()
                                + " is waiting, size:" + sharedQueue.size());
                        sharedQueue.wait();
                    }
                }

                // 队列不满时持续创造新元素
                synchronized (sharedQueue) {
                    // 生产数据
                    data = count.incrementAndGet();
                    sharedQueue.add(data);

                    System.out.println("producer create data:" + data + ", size:" + sharedQueue.size());
                    sharedQueue.notifyAll();
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Thread.currentThread().interrupted();
        }
    }

    public void stop() {
        isRunning = false;
    }
}

消费者:


import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Vector;

public class Consumer implements Runnable {

    // 公共资源
    private final Vector sharedQueue;

    public Consumer(Vector sharedQueue) {
        this.sharedQueue = sharedQueue;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        Random r = new Random();

        System.out.println("start consumer id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        try {
            while (true) {
                // 模拟延迟
                Thread.sleep(r.nextInt(1000));

                // 当队列空时阻塞等待
                while (sharedQueue.isEmpty()) {
                    synchronized (sharedQueue) {
                        System.out.println("Queue is empty, consumer " + Thread.currentThread().getId()
                                + " is waiting, size:" + sharedQueue.size());
                        sharedQueue.wait();
                    }
                }
                // 队列不空时持续消费元素
                synchronized (sharedQueue) {
                    System.out.println("consumer consume data:" + sharedQueue.remove(0) + ", size:" + sharedQueue.size());
                    sharedQueue.notifyAll();
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        }
    }
}

主方法


import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Test2 {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        // 1.构建内存缓冲区
        Vector sharedQueue = new Vector();
        int size = 4;

        // 2.建立线程池和线程
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        Producer prodThread1 = new Producer(sharedQueue, size);
        Producer prodThread2 = new Producer(sharedQueue, size);
        Producer prodThread3 = new Producer(sharedQueue, size);
        Consumer consThread1 = new Consumer(sharedQueue);
        Consumer consThread2 = new Consumer(sharedQueue);
        Consumer consThread3 = new Consumer(sharedQueue);
        service.execute(prodThread1);
        service.execute(prodThread2);
        service.execute(prodThread3);
        service.execute(consThread1);
        service.execute(consThread2);
        service.execute(consThread3);

        // 3.睡一会儿然后尝试停止生产者(结束循环)
        Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
        prodThread1.stop();
        prodThread2.stop();
        prodThread3.stop();

        // 4.再睡一会儿关闭线程池
        Thread.sleep(3000);

        // 5.shutdown()等待任务执行完才中断线程(因为消费者一直在运行的,所以会发现程序无法结束)
        service.shutdown();


    }
}

参考:【面试必备】手撕代码,你怕不怕?

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