利用Python写了个成语接龙！我弟弟已经玩了三天了！还是玩不过

诗歌语料库

首先，我们利用Python爬虫来爬取诗歌，制作语料库。爬取的网址为： https://www.gushiwen.org，页面如下 ：

由于本文主要为试了展示该项目的思路，因此，只爬取了该页面中的唐诗三百首、古诗三百、宋词三百、宋词精选，一共大约1100多首诗歌。为了加速爬虫，采用并发实现爬虫，并保存到poem.txt文件。完整的Python程序如下：

import re

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, wait, ALL_COMPLETED

# 爬取的诗歌网址

urls = ['https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/tangshi.aspx',

'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/sanbai.aspx',

'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songsan.aspx',

'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songci.aspx'

]

poem_links = []

# 诗歌的网址

for url in urls:

# 请求头部

headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36'}

req = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, "lxml")

content = soup.find_all('div', class_="sons")[0]

links = content.find_all('a')

for link in links:

poem_links.append('https://so.gushiwen.org'+link['href'])

poem_list = []

# 爬取诗歌页面

def get_poem(url):

#url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/shiwenv_45c396367f59.aspx'

# 请求头部

headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36'}

req = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, "lxml")

poem = soup.find('div', class_='contson').text.strip()

poem = poem.replace(' ', '')

poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"([sS]*?)"), '', poem)

poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"（[sS]*?）"), '', poem)

poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"。([sS]*?）"), '', poem)

poem = poem.replace('!', '！').replace('?', '？')

poem_list.append(poem)

# 利用并发爬取

executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) # 可以自己调整max_workers,即线程的个数

# submit()的参数： 第一个为函数， 之后为该函数的传入参数，允许有多个

future_tasks = [executor.submit(get_poem, url) for url in poem_links]

# 等待所有的线程完成，才进入后续的执行

wait(future_tasks, return_when=ALL_COMPLETED)

# 将爬取的诗句写入txt文件

poems = list(set(poem_list))

poems = sorted(poems, key=lambda x:len(x))

for poem in poems:

poem = poem.replace('《','').replace('》','')

.replace('：', '').replace('“', '')

print(poem)

with open('F://poem.txt', 'a') as f:

f.write(poem)

f.write('')

注释：全面教程，入门书籍，学习源码可以添加小编学习群943752371直接获取。

import re

import pickle

from xpinyin import Pinyin

from collections import defaultdict

def main():

with open('F://poem.txt', 'r') as f:

poems = f.readlines()

sents = []

for poem in poems:

parts = re.findall(r'[sS]*?[。？！]', poem.strip())

for part in parts:

if len(part) >= 5:

sents.append(part)

poem_dict = defaultdict(list)

for sent in sents:

print(part)

head = Pinyin().get_pinyin(sent, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ').split()[0]

poem_dict[head].append(sent)

with open('./poemDict.pk', 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(poem_dict, f)

main()

我们可以看一下该pickle文件（poemDict.pk）的内容：

改写为

data_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'Mandarin.dat')

这样我们就完成了mypinyin.py文件。

接下来，我们需要编写诗歌接龙的代码（Poem_Jielong.py），完整代码如下：

import pickle

from mypinyin import Pinyin

import random

import ctypes

STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10

STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11

STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12

FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # 暗白色

FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # 蓝色

FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # 绿色

FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # 天蓝色

FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # 红色

FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # 粉红色

FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # 黄色

FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # 白色

std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)

# 设置CMD文字颜色

def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle):

Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)

return Bool

# 重置文字颜色为暗白色

def resetColor():

set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE)

# 在CMD中以指定颜色输出文字

def cprint(mess, color):

color_dict = {

'蓝色': FOREGROUND_BLUE,

'绿色': FOREGROUND_GREEN,

'天蓝色': FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE,

'红色': FOREGROUND_RED,

'粉红色': FOREGROUND_PINK,

'黄色': FOREGROUND_YELLOW,

'白色': FOREGROUND_WHITE

}

set_cmd_text_color(color_dict[color])

print(mess)

resetColor()

color_list = ['蓝色','绿色','天蓝色','红色','粉红色','黄色','白色']

# 获取字典

with open('./poemDict.pk', 'rb') as f:

poem_dict = pickle.load(f)

#for key, value in poem_dict.items():

#print(key, value)

MODE = str(input('Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龙, 2 for 机器接龙): '))

while True:

try:

if MODE == '1':

enter = str(input('请输入一句诗或一个字开始：'))

while enter != 'exit':

test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ')

tail = test.split()[-1]

if tail not in poem_dict.keys():

cprint('无法接这句诗。', '红色')

MODE = 0

break

else:

cprint('机器回复：%s'%random.sample(poem_dict[tail], 1)[0], random.sample(color_list, 1)[0])

enter = str(input('你的回复：'))[:-1]

MODE = 0

if MODE == '2':

enter = input('请输入一句诗或一个字开始：')

for i in range(10):

test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ')

tail = test.split()[-1]

if tail not in poem_dict.keys():

cprint('------>无法接下去了啦...', '红色')

MODE = 0

break

else:

answer = random.sample(poem_dict[tail], 1)[0]

cprint('（%d）--> %s' % (i+1, answer), random.sample(color_list, 1)[0])

enter = answer[:-1]

print('（*****最多展示前10回接龙。*****）')

MODE = 0

except Exception as err:

print(err)

finally:

if MODE not in ['1','2']:

MODE = str(input('Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龙, 2 for 机器接龙): '))

现在整个项目的结构如下（Mandarin.dat文件从xpinyin模块对应的文件夹下复制过来）：

切换至该文件夹，输入以下命令即可生成exe文件：

pyinstaller -F Poem_jielong.py

生成的exe文件为Poem_jielong.exe，位于该文件夹的dist文件夹下。为了能够让exe成功运行，需要将poemDict.pk和Mandarin.dat文件复制到dist文件夹下。

测试运行

运行Poem_jielong.exe文件，页面如下：

本项目的诗歌接龙有两种模式，一种为人工接龙，就是你先输入一句诗或一个字，然后就是计算机回复一句，你回复一句，负责诗歌接龙的规则；另一种模式为机器接龙，就是你先输入一句诗或一个字，机器会自动输出后面的接龙诗句（最多10个）。

先测试人工接龙模式：

再测试机器接龙模式：

注释：全面教程，入门书籍，学习源码可以添加小编学习群943752371直接获取。