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iOS之block基本使用

2017-09-29  本文已影响59人  追逐_chase

block在iOS日常开放中已经越来越受欢迎了,小结一下,填补之前遇到的坑

block

类型为:int(^)(NSString *)
int(^block)(NSString *) = ^(NSString *name) {

};
//方式1  正常
void(^myBlock1)() = ^(){
    NSLog(@"第一种方式");
};

//方式2  如果没有参数,参数可以隐藏,如果有参数,定义的时候,必须要写参数,而且必须要有参数变量名
void(^myBlock2)(int) = ^(int a){
        NSLog(@"第二种方式");
 };

//方式3 block返回可以省略,不管有没有返回值,都可以省略
int(^myBlock3)() = ^int{
        return 3;
    };

//比如说调用第一个
myBlock1();
block使用场景
1、定义在一个方法在另外一个方法中调用(不常用)
2、在一个类中定义,在另外一个类中调用(常用),用block保存代码到模型中
例子:在控制器里面定义一个tableView,在定义一个模型model,
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "cellModel.h"

@interface ViewController ()<UITableViewDelegate,UITableViewDataSource>

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITableView *tableView;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *itemModels;

@end


- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
 
//模型
   cellModel *model1 = [cellModel itemWithString:@"标题1"];
   model1.cellBlock = ^{
       
       NSLog(@"点击标题1了");
   };
   cellModel *model2 = [cellModel itemWithString:@"鸟啼2"];
   model2.cellBlock = ^{
       NSLog(@"点击标题2了");
   };
   cellModel *model3 = [cellModel itemWithString:@"标题3"];
   model3.cellBlock = ^{
         NSLog(@"点击标题3了");
   };
   self.itemModels = @[model1,model2,model3];

}


- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
   
   return 3;
}


- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
   
   static NSString *ID = @"ID";
   UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:ID];
   
   if (cell == nil) {
       cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleValue1 reuseIdentifier:ID];
   }
   
   cellModel *model = self.itemModels[indexPath.row];
   
   cell.textLabel.text = model.title;
   
   
   return cell;
   
}

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
   
   [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:indexPath animated:YES];
   
   cellModel *model = self.itemModels[indexPath.row];
//判断是否存在
   if (model.cellBlock) {
         model.cellBlock();
   }
  
}

### 模型###

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface cellModel : NSObject

/** 名称*/
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *title;

/** 保存代码的block */
@property (nonatomic, strong) void(^cellBlock)(void);

+(instancetype)itemWithString:(NSString *)title;

@end



#import "cellModel.h"

@implementation cellModel

+(instancetype)itemWithString:(NSString *)title {
   cellModel *model = [[self alloc] init];
   model.title = title;
   
   return model;
}

@end

打印结果

block打印.png

block变量传递

//如果是局部变量的话,block是值传递
- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
   
   int a = 3;
    //如果是局部变量的话,block是值传递

   void(^block)(void)=^{
      
       NSLog(@"%zd",a);
   };
//调用
   block();
打印的结果:a= 3;

 //如果是静态变量/全局变量/__block修饰的变量,block是指针传递

//全局变量
int a = 3;
- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
//static int a = 3;  //静态变量
  __block  int a = 3;
    //如果是局部变量的话,block是值传递
   void(^block)(void)=^{
       NSLog(@"%zd",a);
   };
   a = 5;
block();
打印的结果是:a = 5;
}

block传值

//block传值也是普遍使用的 和delegate传值其他效果是一样的(都是逆传)
//有2个控制器VC 
*************************例子************************

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "BlockValueVC.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end


@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
   self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
   
}


- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
   BlockValueVC *modalVc = [[BlockValueVC alloc] init];
   modalVc.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor brownColor];
   modalVc.block = ^(NSString *value) {
     
       NSLog(@"传值结果:%@",value);
   };
   
   // 跳转
   [self presentViewController:modalVc animated:YES completion:nil];
}

//在BlockValueVC控制器中定义block 
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface BlockValueVC : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic, strong) void(^block)(NSString *value);

@end

//在BlockValueVC.m文件中使用

#import "BlockValueVC.h"

@interface BlockValueVC ()

@end

@implementation BlockValueVC

- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
   // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
   // 传值给ViewController
   // @"123"
//判断是否存在 调用Block
   if (_block) {
       _block(@"123");
   }
  
}

//打印结果

传值结果: 123

block循环引用

#import "ViewController.h"

#import "VC.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
   self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor]; 
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
   VC *vc = [[VC alloc] init];
   [self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];
   
}
@end


**************************VC控制器**************************

#import "VC.h"

@interface VC ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) void(^block)(void);

@end

@implementation VC

- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
   
   self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor];
   
   _block = ^{
       
       NSLog(@"看看对象:%@",self);
       
   };
   
   _block();
   
   
}

- (void)dealloc {
   
   NSLog(@"控制器是否销毁");
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
   
   [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}

//打印结果

017-10-09 11:43:23.300091+0800 04-Block的循环引用[3404:119114] 看看对象:<VC: 0x7fdcaf524040>

//控制器并没有销毁
//原因:下图
block循环图.png
解决方法
// block造成循环利用:Block会对里面所有强指针变量都强引用一次
//  __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
//我们在VC控制器里面的viewDidLoad方法中进行修改



- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
 
   __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
   
   _block = ^{
      NSLog(@"%@",weakSelf);
   };
   
   _block();
}


//打印结果
017-10-09 11:43:23.300091+0800 04-Block的循环引用[3404:119114] 看看对象:<VC: 0x7fdcaf524040>
017-10-09 11:43:23.300091+0800 04-Block的循环引用[3404:119114] 控制器是否销毁


//注意:如果在block中在使用block需要是使用   __strong typeof(weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;

- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
   // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
   // block造成循环利用:Block会对里面所有强指针变量都强引用一次
   
   __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
   
   _block = ^{

   //防止循环引用
      NSLog(@"%@",weakSelf);

 //防止_block内部的block在访问weakSelf对象的时候销毁
     __strong typeof(weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;
     dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

           NSLog(@"%@",strongSelf);

     });
       
   };
   
//调用block
   _block();
}

block作为参数使用

//这样的使用方式很多,比如AFN网络请求时
//后续补上

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