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Keepalived集群软件高级使用(工作原理和状态通知)

2018-12-11  本文已影响5人  Joncc

1、介绍

Keeaplived主要有两种应用场景,一个是通过配置keepalived结合ipvs做到负载均衡(LVS+Keepalived),有此需求者可参考以往博文:http://lizhenliang.blog.51cto.com/7876557/1343734。另一个是通过自身健康检查、资源接管功能做高可用(双机热备),实现故障转移。

以下内容主要针对Keepalived+MySQL双主实现双机热备为根据,主要讲解keepalived的状态转换通知功能,利用此功能可有效加强对MySQL数据库监控。此文不再讲述Keepalived+MySQL双主部署过程,有需求者可参考以往博文:http://lizhenliang.blog.51cto.com/7876557/1362313

2、keepalived主要作用

keepalived采用VRRP(virtual router redundancy protocol),虚拟路由冗余协议,以软件的形式实现服务器热备功能。通常情况下是将两台linux服务器组成一个热备组(master-backup),同一时间热备组内只有一台主服务器(master)提供服务,同时master会虚拟出一个共用IP地址(VIP),这个VIP只存在master上并对外提供服务。如果keepalived检测到master宕机或服务故障,备服务器(backup)会自动接管VIP成为master,keepalived并将master从热备组移除,当master恢复后,会自动加入到热备组,默认再抢占成为master,起到故障转移功能。

3、工作在三层、四层和七层原理

Layer3:工作在三层时,keepalived会定期向热备组中的服务器发送一个ICMP数据包,来判断某台服务器是否故障,如果故障则将这台服务器从热备组移除。

Layer4:工作在四层时,keepalived以TCP端口的状态判断服务器是否故障,比如检测mysql 3306端口,如果故障则将这台服务器从热备组移除。

示例:

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     example@163.com
   }
   notification_email_from  example@example.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id MYSQL_HA
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 50
    nopreempt                   #当主down时,备接管,主恢复,不自动接管
    priority 100                 #定义优先级,数字越大,优先级越高,在同一个vrrp_instance下,MASTER的优先级必须大于BACKUP的优先级
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        ahth_pass 123
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.200          #虚拟IP地址
    }
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {        
    delay_loop 6
#    lb_algo rr 
#    lb_kind NAT
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 {       #监控本机3306端口
        weight 1
        notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_keepalived.sh   #检测3306端口为down状态就执行此脚本(只有keepalived关闭,VIP才漂移 ) 
        TCP_CHECK {         #健康状态检测方式,可针对业务需求调整(TTP_GET|SSL_GET|TCP_CHECK|SMTP_CHECK|MISC_CHECK)
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

Layer7:工作在七层时,keepalived根据用户设定的策略判断服务器上的程序是否正常运行,如果故障则将这台服务器从热备组移除。

示例:

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     example@163.com
   }
   notification_email_from  example@example.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id MYSQL_HA
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
    script /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh    #检测脚本
    interval 2   #执行间隔时间
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 50
    nopreempt                   #当主down时,备接管,主恢复,不自动接管
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        ahth_pass 123
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.200          #虚拟IP地址
    }
    track_script {          #在实例中引用脚本
        check_nginx
    }
}

脚本内容如下:

# cat /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
Count1=`netstat -antp |grep -v grep |grep nginx |wc -l`
if [ $Count1 -eq 0 ]; then
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    sleep 2
    Count2=`netstat -antp |grep -v grep |grep nginx |wc -l`
    if [ $Count2 -eq 0 ]; then
        service keepalived stop
    else
        exit 0
    fi 
else
    exit 0
fi

4、健康状态检测方式

4.1 HTTP服务状态检测

HTTP_GET或SSL_GET {    
     url {
         path /index.html        #检测url,可写多个
         digest  24326582a86bee478bac72d5af25089e    #检测效验码
         #digest效验码获取方法:genhash -s IP -p 80 -u http://IP/index.html 
         status_code 200         #检测返回http状态码
     }
     connect_port 80 #连接端口
     connect_timeout 3  #连接超时时间
     nb_get_retry 3  #重试次数
     delay_before_retry 2 #连接间隔时间
  }

4.2 TCP端口状态检测(使用TCP端口服务基本上都可以使用)

TCP_CHECK {    
    connect_port 80     #健康检测端口,默认为real_server后跟端口
    connect_timeout 5
    nb_get_retry 3
    delay_before_retry 3
}

4.3 邮件服务器SMTP检测

  SMTP_CHECK {            #健康检测邮件服务器smtp    
      host {
          connect_ip
          connect_port
      }
      connect_timeout 5
      retry 2
      delay_before_retry 3
      hello_name "mail.domain.com"
  }

4.4 用户自定义脚本检测real_server服务状态

  MISC_CHECK {    
      misc_path /script.sh    #指定外部程序或脚本位置
      misc_timeout 3      #执行脚本超时时间
      !misc_dynamic       #不动态调整服务器权重(weight),如果启用将通过退出状态码动态调整real_server权重值
  }

5、状态转换通知功能

keepalived主配置邮件通知功能,默认当real_server宕机或者恢复时才会发出邮件。有时我们更想知道keepalived的主服务器故障切换后,VIP是否顺利漂移到备服务器,MySQL服务器是否正常?那写个监控脚本吧,可以,但没必要,因为keepalived具备状态检测功能,所以我们直接使用就行了。

主配置默认邮件通知配置模板如下:
global_defs # Block id
{
notification_email # To:
{
admin@example1.com
...
}
# From: from address that will be in header
notification_email_from admin@example.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 # IP
smtp_connect_timeout 30 # integer, seconds
router_id my_hostname # string identifying the machine,
# (doesn't have to be hostname).
enable_traps # enable SNMP traps
}
5.1 实例状态通知

  a) notify_master :节点变为master时执行

  b) notify_backup : 节点变为backup时执行

  c) notify_fault  : 节点变为故障时执行

5.2 虚拟服务器检测通知

  a) notify_up   : 虚拟服务器up时执行

  b) notify_down  : 虚拟服务器down时执行

示例:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
example@163.com
}
notification_email_from example@example.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id MYSQL_HA
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 50
nopreempt #当主down时,备接管,主恢复,不自动接管
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
ahth_pass 123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.200
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/to_master.sh
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/to_backup.sh
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/to_fault.sh
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {
delay_loop 6
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 {
weight 1
notify_up /etc/keepalived/mysql_up.sh
notify_down /etc/keepalived/mysql_down.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
状态参数后可以是bash命令,也可以是shell脚本,内容根据自己需求定义,以上示例中所涉及状态脚本如下:

  1. 当服务器改变为主时执行此脚本

cat to_master.sh

!/bin/bash

Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP change to master." |mail -s "Master-Backup Change Status"Mail

  1. 当服务器改变为备时执行此脚本

cat to_backup.sh

!/bin/bash

Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP change to backup." |mail -s "Master-Backup Change Status"Mail

  1. 当服务器改变为故障时执行此脚本

cat to_fault.sh

!/bin/bash

Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP change to fault." |mail -s "Master-Backup Change Status"Mail

  1. 当检测TCP端口3306为不可用时,执行此脚本,杀死keepalived,实现切换

cat mysql_down.sh

!/bin/bash

Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" pkill keepalived echo "Date IP The mysql service failure,kill keepalived." |mail -s "Master-Backup MySQL Monitor"Mail

  1. 当检测TCP端口3306可用时,执行此脚本

cat mysql_up.sh

!/bin/bash

Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP The mysql service is recovery." |mail -s "Master-Backup MySQL Monitor"Mail

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