认识论逻辑推论上的一个突破 A breakthrough in

这篇论文已经被美国的一家《哲学研究》杂志(ISSN 2159-5313)发表, 版权关系，任何人不得转载。

A breakthrough in the logical deduction about thecognition theory

认识论逻辑推论上的一个突破

By  Dongkai Li

李东凯

Part 1

Hegel’sproblem in his ontology and cognition theory.

黑格尔的本体论和认识论上的根本问题

Kant explained that there were some kind knowledgeexisting beyond people ‘s experience by his transcendental theory. However, hisproblem was making the natural object apart from the subjective cognitionprocess. Hegel’s contribution was combining the objective and the subjective byhis theory of cognition movement .

康德以先验认识理论说明有一些知识并非来自经验，或者说是可以独立于感觉经验。不过，这个认识理论的缺陷是把客观事物排除在认识之外。黑格尔把认识作为一种运动而把主观认识和客观事物结合了起来。

Hegel realized there was the contradiction between theobjective world and the subjective cognition. As per theory of Aristotle,Heknew the contradiction within a substance would produce the power for movement.Then Hegel came to a suppose that it is just the movement power from thecontradiction between the subjective and the objective that makes the cognitionprocess go on continuously.

黑格尔认识到主观认识和客观事物之间是有差异的。根据赫拉克利特的矛盾运动理论和亚里士多德的实体存在论，黑格尔知道只有当一对矛盾存在于同一个实体内部的时候，这对矛盾才能产生推动这个实体运动的力量。于是，黑格尔就有了这样的一个假设，如果主观认识和客观事物可以是存在于一个实体内部的矛盾，那么这个矛盾就可以推动认识运动了。

In order to establish this great suppose, Hegel producedhis ontology theory as this, “the thinking is the existing substance”. By hismeaning, the objective thing and the subjective idea should be a pair ofcontradiction within the substance of “thinking “, this contradiction within “Thinking”would produce the power for movement of the cognition.

为了建立这个伟大的假设，黑格尔提出了他的本体论根据，“思想是实体”。意思就是说，主观认识和客观事物是一对可以存在于思想这个实体之中的矛盾，思想就是这一对矛盾对立统一体，这对矛盾产生力量推动思想这个实体运动，而实现了认识的过程。

But , the problem is that the “thinking “ can not be anindependent substance consist of a pair of contradiction, for people’s thinkingcan not be there without people. As per Aristotle’s principle of the substance,an existing substance must be independent. Obviously , thinking does not havethe nature of independence. Without people, there is no thinking.So, Hegel’sontology conclusion of “the thinking is the substance “ was not reasonable .

但是，没有人，就不会有思想。思想不是一种可以独立存在的实体。根据亚里士多德的实体存在理论，实体之存在必须是可以不依赖于其他的独立存在。显然，思想不具备这个独立存在的属性。因此，我可以说，黑格尔的“思想是实体”这个本体论结论是不合理的，无法成立。

Since the thinking is not such a substance, then, thesubjective and the objective shall not stay in the thinking as a pair ofcontradiction. If a pair of contradiction does not stay within a samesubstance, then, this contradiction would never produce power for movement. So,by this sense, I should say the cognition movement was not pushed by the powerfrom the contradiction between the subjective and the objective.So, Ishould say Hegel’s cognition theory was not reasonable.

既然思想不是可以独立存在的实体，主观认识和客观事物就不是存在于思想这个实体内部的一对矛盾，因此，主观认识和客观事物之间虽然存在差异，二者却不是一对可以产生力量的矛盾。所以，我可以说，推动认识运动的力量不是来自主观认识和客观事物之间的矛盾，黑格尔的认识运动理论在这个逻辑上是无法成立的。

Part 2

How toresolve Hegel’s problem .

怎样解决上述黑格尔的问题？

Once again i state here clearly, Hegel’s problem was inthese two aspects:

这里，再次说明，黑格尔的问题在于如下两个方面：

1.As per the deduction made by Aristotle , thesubstance should be an independent existence powered by a pair of contradictionwithin its body , but the thinking is not such a substance.

1.根据亚里士多德的实体存在理论，某个实体的存在之力量来自这个实体内部的一对矛盾，而思想不是这样的实体。

2.The contradiction would produce the power only in the condition thatthis contradiction stay within a same substance. So, the movement power for thecognition was not produced by the contradiction between peoples’ thinking andthe objective things, for the thinking and the objective things are not in asame substance.

2.矛盾产生力量的前提是这对矛盾必须在同一个实体内部。主观认识和客观事物不是存在于同一个可以独立存在的实体内部，两者的差异无法产生任何力量。

Shall we say Peoples such a substancewith a pair of contradiction within a people’s body ? What is the contradictioninside a people ?

人是不是可以独立存在的实体呢？如果是，人这样的实体内部的矛盾是什么呢？

The first condition for a people’s living is the satisfyof his or her natural body demand. There are two aspects involved for thesatisfy of the natural demand, one is the healthy body with its natural demandfunction system , another is the object in the world to serve the demand.

人存在的首要条件就是人的基本生理需求得到满足。实现这个满足需要两个条件，一是身体健康，具备完全健康的生理机能体系，另一个是有可以满足需求的客观事物。

The healthy natural demand function system is in thepeople’s body, and the objective thing to serve the demand is out side of thebody. Here is a question, how does the person take the outside object to servehis body’s demand ? Let us check the process of people’s action of looking forthe object for serving his body demand.

健康的生理机能体系在人体内，可以满足人需求的是人之外的客观事物。这里就有一个问题，人为什么能够利用人之外的客观事物来满足自身的需要呢？让我们分析一下人为了满足自身需要而寻找客观事物的行为过程。

When “I” had the demand for water, my body function wouldmake me feel thirsty. But, the water is not in my body. In my body, I have nowater to serve this demand. I must take action looking for the water in the nature.

当“我”需要水的时候，我的身体机能会让我感觉到口渴。但是，水却不在我体内。在我的体内，我没有可以满足口渴需要的水。我必须寻找客观的水。

What I need is the water, not stone, not the bread. So, Imust confirm the objective water is the water wanted.

我需要的是水，不是石头，不是面包。因此，我必须能够判断所寻找的客观事物是水而不是其他。

This judgment wasmade by comparing the objective object with the knowledge or idea in people’sconsciousness.

这个判断就是比较客观事物和人的意识之中关于水的知识或表象。

If there is the idea or image about the water in myconsciousness, when I see the water, I would check this objective water withthis idea.If the object complying tothis idea , then, I would confirm that object is the one I want.

如果我的意识中有关于水的知识或表象，当我看到客观事物的时候，就能比较客观事物和意识中关于水的知识或表象。如果客观事物符合意识中的这个知识或表象，那么，我就能判断这个客观事物是不是我所需要的。

If I do not have the idea about the water, then, I cannot confirm an object as water or not. For example, if you do not know aperson, then, you would not find him even if he is just standing at your side.

如果我的意识中没有关于水的知识或表象，那么，我就无法判断某个客观事物是不是水。比如，假如你不认识一个人，即使这个人就在你面前，你也不知道这个人就是你要寻找的哪个人。

So, we would say without the knowledge or ideas in aperson’s consciousness, the person would not find the object to serve his bodydemand. The consciousness is in a person’s body, but, these idea or knowledgein the consciousness can not serve the demand of the body. Here is acontradiction in a people , the demand of the body and the idea in theconsciousness. This is the contradiction producing the power of movement of aperson as a substance .

因此，我可以说，如果一个人的意识中没有关于客观事物的知识或表象，人就无法得到可以满足其需求的客观事物。意识在一个人体内，但是，意识中的关于客观事物的表象却无法满足人体的需求，人体的需求和意识中的表象，就是人体内的一组矛盾。这个矛盾产生了推动人去运动的力量。

Here ,icall the natural body with its demand function system as“ego”(自我), the idea refers to the outside objective thing in the

consciousness as “Nonego”(非我). The “Ego” and the “Nonego” are a pair of contradictionwithin a body, this is the essence of a people as a substance.

这里，我把自然健康的人体称为“自我”，把反映客观事物却存在于“我”的意识中的表象称为“非我”。“我”的“自我”和“非我”就是存在于“我”这个实体内部的一对矛盾。人的本质就是“自我”和“非我”这一对矛盾对立统一体。

The cognition is a kind of people’s movement. So,i couldsay the cognition is the process moved by the power from the “Ego” and the “Nonego”of a people’s body. The cognition process formula should be as following :

认识是人的一种运动。因此，我可以说，认识是“自我”和“非我”这个矛盾产生的力量来推动的一种运动。认识论的公式如下：

“EGO”+“Nonego” →→ PowertoMOVE(N times)→→ Feeling (N times)→→Idea (N numbers)+ Thinking (Ntimes) →→

Knowledge (N numbers) ≈Object→→＝Object

“自我”+“非我”→→运动(N次)→→感觉(N次)→→表象(N数量)+思维(N ) →→知识(N数量) ≈接近客观事物→→＝完全符合客观事物。

All people’s knowledge or the truth come from thismovement of cognition.

人类的知识或明确的真理都来自这个认识运动。

Over

完。

注： 这篇论文已经被美国的一家《哲学研究》杂志(ISSN 2159-5313)发表, 版权关系，任何人不得转载。