前面我们介绍了RabbitMQ的基本概念，RabbitMQ基础概念详细介绍。在这里我们做一个简单的例子进行快速入门。

新建Spring Boot项目 引入依赖包

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

在启动类上添加启动MQ的注解

@EnableRabbit

添加配置

# Rabbitmq
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=test
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.35.128:5672
#spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.35.128:5672,192.168.35.129:5672,192.168.35.130:5672
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=50000
#rabbitmq listetner
# 消费者最小数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.concurrency=10
# 消费者最大数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.max-concurrency=20
# 消息的确认模式
spring.rabbitmq.listener.acknowledge-mode=MANUAL
# 每一次发送到消费者的消息数量，它应该大于或等于事务大小（如果使用）。
spring.rabbitmq.listener.prefetch=10
# 消费者端的重试
spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.enabled=true
#rabbitmq publisher
# 生产者端的重试
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.enabled=true
#开启发送消息到exchange确认机制
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
#开启发送消息到exchange但是exchange没有和队列绑定的确认机制
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true

RabbitMQ 所有配置参考：

# RABBIT (RabbitProperties)
spring.rabbitmq.addresses= # Comma-separated list of addresses to which the client should connect.
spring.rabbitmq.cache.channel.checkout-timeout= # Number of milliseconds to wait to obtain a channel if the cache size has been reached.
spring.rabbitmq.cache.channel.size= # Number of channels to retain in the cache.
spring.rabbitmq.cache.connection.mode=CHANNEL # Connection factory cache mode.
spring.rabbitmq.cache.connection.size= # Number of connections to cache.
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout= # Connection timeout, in milliseconds; zero for infinite.
spring.rabbitmq.dynamic=true # Create an AmqpAdmin bean.
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost # RabbitMQ host.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.acknowledge-mode= # Acknowledge mode of container.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.auto-startup=true # Start the container automatically on startup.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.concurrency= # Minimum number of consumers.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.default-requeue-rejected= # Whether or not to requeue delivery failures; default `true`.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.max-concurrency= # Maximum number of consumers.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.prefetch= # Number of messages to be handled in a single request. It should be greater than or equal to the transaction size (if used).
spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.enabled=false # Whether or not publishing retries are enabled.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.initial-interval=1000 # Interval between the first and second attempt to deliver a message.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.max-attempts=3 # Maximum number of attempts to deliver a message.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.max-interval=10000 # Maximum interval between attempts.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.multiplier=1.0 # A multiplier to apply to the previous delivery retry interval.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.stateless=true # Whether or not retry is stateless or stateful.
spring.rabbitmq.listener.transaction-size= # Number of messages to be processed in a transaction. For best results it should be less than or equal to the prefetch count.
spring.rabbitmq.password= # Login to authenticate against the broker.
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 # RabbitMQ port.
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=false # Enable publisher confirms.
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=false # Enable publisher returns.
spring.rabbitmq.requested-heartbeat= # Requested heartbeat timeout, in seconds; zero for none.
spring.rabbitmq.ssl.enabled=false # Enable SSL support.
spring.rabbitmq.ssl.key-store= # Path to the key store that holds the SSL certificate.
spring.rabbitmq.ssl.key-store-password= # Password used to access the key store.
spring.rabbitmq.ssl.trust-store= # Trust store that holds SSL certificates.
spring.rabbitmq.ssl.trust-store-password= # Password used to access the trust store.
spring.rabbitmq.ssl.algorithm= # SSL algorithm to use. By default configure by the rabbit client library.
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=false # Enable mandatory messages.
spring.rabbitmq.template.receive-timeout=0 # Timeout for `receive()` methods.
spring.rabbitmq.template.reply-timeout=5000 # Timeout for `sendAndReceive()` methods.
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.enabled=false # Set to true to enable retries in the `RabbitTemplate`.
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.initial-interval=1000 # Interval between the first and second attempt to publish a message.
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.max-attempts=3 # Maximum number of attempts to publish a message.
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.max-interval=10000 # Maximum number of attempts to publish a message.
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.multiplier=1.0 # A multiplier to apply to the previous publishing retry interval.
spring.rabbitmq.username= # Login user to authenticate to the broker.
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host= # Virtual host to use when connecting to the broker.

声明队列

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnBean({RabbitTemplate.class})
public class RabbitConfig {

    /**
     * 方法rabbitAdmin的功能描述:动态声明queue、exchange、routing
     *
     * @param connectionFactory
     * @return
     * @author : yuhao.wang
     */
    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        // 发放奖励队列交换机
        DirectExchange exchange = new DirectExchange(RabbitConstants.MQ_EXCHANGE_SEND_AWARD);

        //声明发送优惠券的消息队列（Direct类型的exchange）
        Queue couponQueue = queue(RabbitConstants.QUEUE_NAME_SEND_COUPON);
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(couponQueue);
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(exchange);
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(couponQueue).to(exchange).with(RabbitConstants.MQ_ROUTING_KEY_SEND_COUPON));

        return rabbitAdmin;
    }

    public Queue queue(String name) {
        // 是否持久化
        boolean durable = true;
        // 仅创建者可以使用的私有队列，断开后自动删除
        boolean exclusive = false;
        // 当所有消费客户端连接断开后，是否自动删除队列
        boolean autoDelete = false;
        return new Queue(name, durable, exclusive, autoDelete, args);
    }
}

在这里我们申明了一个RabbitConstants.QUEUE_NAME_SEND_COUPON队列，并声明了一个DirectExchange 类型的交换器，通过Bind将队列、交换机和路由RabbitConstants.MQ_ROUTING_KEY_SEND_COUPON的关系进行绑定。

消息的生产者

/**
 * Rabbit 发送消息
 *
 * @author yuhao.wang
 */
@Service
public class RabbitSender implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback, InitializingBean {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitSender.class);

    /**
     * Rabbit MQ 客户端
     */
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    /**
     * 系统配置
     */
    @Autowired
    private SystemConfig systemConfig;

    /**
     * 发送MQ消息
     *
     * @param exchangeName 交换机名称
     * @param routingKey   路由名称
     * @param message      发送消息体
     */
    public void sendMessage(String exchangeName, String routingKey, Object message) {

        // 获取CorrelationData对象
        CorrelationData correlationData = this.correlationData(message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, routingKey, message, correlationData);
    }

    /**
     * 用于实现消息发送到RabbitMQ交换器后接收ack回调。
     * 如果消息发送确认失败就进行重试。
     *
     * @param correlationData
     * @param ack
     * @param cause
     */
    @Override
    public void confirm(org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
        // 消息回调确认失败处理
        if (!ack) {
            // 这里以做消息的从发等处理
            logger.info("消息发送失败，消息ID:{}", correlationData.getId());
        } else {
            logger.info("消息发送成功,消息ID:{}", correlationData.getId());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 用于实现消息发送到RabbitMQ交换器，但无相应队列与交换器绑定时的回调。
     * 发生脑裂的时候会发生这种情况
     */
    @Override
    public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
        logger.error("MQ消息发送失败，replyCode:{}, replyText:{}，exchange:{}，routingKey:{}，消息体:{}",
                replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey, JSON.toJSONString(message.getBody()));

        // TODO 保存消息到数据库
    }

    /**
     * 消息相关数据（消息ID）
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    private CorrelationData correlationData(Object message) {

        return new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), message);
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(this);
    }
}

ConfirmCallback和ReturnCallback

在这个里我们主要实现了ConfirmCallback和ReturnCallback两个接口。这两个接口主要是用来发送消息后回调的。因为rabbit发送消息是只管发，至于发没发成功，发送方法不管。

• ConfirmCallback：当消息成功到达exchange的时候触发回调ack=true，否则ack=false。
• ReturnCallback：当消息成功到达exchange，但是没有队列与之绑定的时候触发的ack回调。发生网络分区会出现这种情况。
  如果使用RabbitMQ的ConfirmCallback和ReturnCallback模式必须将下面两个开关打开，否则将不生效：

# 生产者端的重试
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.enabled=true
#开启发送消息到exchange确认机制
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true

消息的发送方式

• rabbitTemplate.send(message); //发消息，参数类型为org.springframework.amqp.core.Message
• rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(object); //转换并发送消息。 将参数对象转换为org.springframework.amqp.core.Message后发送，这个是异步的。消息是否发送成功需要用到ConfirmCallback和ReturnCallback回调函数类确认。
• rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive(message) //转换并发送消息,且等待消息者返回响应消息。这是一个RPC方法，当发送消息过后，该方法会一直阻塞在哪里等待返回结果，直到请求超时。可以通过配置spring.rabbitmq.template.reply-timeout来配置超时时间。

消息的消费者

/**
 * 发放优惠券的MQ处理
 *
 * @author yuhao.wang
 */
public class SendMessageListener {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SendMessageListener.class);

    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConstants.QUEUE_NAME_SEND_COUPON)
    public void process(SendMessage sendMessage, Channel channel, Message message) throws Exception {
        try {
            // 参数校验
            Assert.notNull(sendMessage, "sendMessage 消息体不能为NULL");

             logger.info("处理MQ消息");
             // 确认消息已经消费成功
             channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("MQ消息处理异常，消息ID：{}，消息体:{}", message.getMessageProperties().getCorrelationIdString(),
                    JSON.toJSONString(sendMessage), e);

            // 拒绝当前消息，并把消息返回原队列
            channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
        } 
    }
}

使用 @RabbitListener注解，并在注解上指定你要监听的队列名称，这样子消费者就声明好了。这里有两点要注意一下：

• 监听消息的参数（如上面的sendMessage参数）一定要和发送的时候相匹配，也可以不使用sendMessage参数，直接在Message参数里面获取消息体。
• 如果有返回信息，直接return就好（rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive()方法就会有返回值）。

消息的确认和拒绝

消息确认

我看可以调用Channel类中的basicAck方法进行消息确认，方法定义如下：

void basicAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException;

• deliveryTag：消息编号。
• multiple：是否确认多条消息。false，确认当前这条消息；true，确认deliveryTag编号以前的所有消息。

消息拒绝

拒绝消息可以使用Channel中的basicReject或者basicNack方法，basicReject只能拒绝一条消息，basicNack可以拒绝多条消息。

void basicReject(long deliveryTag, boolean requeue) throws IOException;

void basicNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple, boolean requeue)
            throws IOException;

• deliveryTag：消息编号。
• requeue：是否将消息放回队列。true，将消息放回队列；false，丢弃消息。
• multiple：是否拒绝多条消息。false，拒绝当前这条消息（这样子就和basicReject一样了）；true，拒绝deliveryTag编号以前的所有消息。

源码

https://github.com/wyh-spring-ecosystem-student/spring-boot-student/tree/releases

spring-boot-student-rabbitmq 工程

参考：

• http://blog.csdn.net/solarison/article/details/60468531