ACCA F2重要知识:Cost accounting丨ACCA
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后台有考友在问Cost accounting的相关知识
它是怎样定义的?
F2中涉及到它的知识点在哪?
它和Management accounting有什么区别?
今天就来和大家好好讲讲
Q: 什么是Cost accounting ?
Costing accounting is the ‘gathering of cost information and its attachment to cost objects, the establishment of budgets, standard costs and actual costs of operations, processes, activities or products; and the analysis of variances, profitability or the social use of funds.
—— CIMA Official Terminology
简单来说,Cost accounting 做以下三件事:
① Preparing statements (Eg budgets, costing)
② Cost data collection
③ Applying costs to inventory, products and services
Q:Cost accounting的目标Aims是什么?
主要是实现以下目标:
① Cost /Value of inventory of goods/Future costs(成本是做预算的一个主要部分)
② Revenue/Selling price
③ Profitability
④ How actual costs compare with budgeted costs两者之间的差异要不要采取措施去更正?
⑤ What information management needs为了做决定?
注意:Cost accounting不仅仅可以应用于生产制造方面领域,在服务业,政府部门,社会福利活动方面也适用。在一个生产企业中,Cost accounting系统不仅可用于制造,也可以用在administration,selling and distribution, research and development等部门。
Q:
Cost accounting适用于做决策?WHY?
NO! 绝对不适合哟~
因为用来做决定的信息一定要是relevant的,做决定这件事是关于未来的,因此肯定带有一定程度的不确定性uncertainty,所以用来做决定的信息也一定要带有一定的不确定性。而Cost accounting报告的信息,都是past data,并且,Eg,在Absorption costing下,很多信息在某些场景下都是带有误导性质、不相关的,这样做出来的决策一定不会是最佳的。
Q:
Cost accounting &
Management accounting之间的关系?
很多时候,我们会被告知,Cost accounting和Management accounting就是一样东西,但这样说是不对的。同学们一定要记住这句话Cost accounting is part of management accounting.这句话是一个考点,考试的时候会以两种方式迷惑你,第一种是主语和宾语颠倒;第二种,他会把Management accounting换成Financial accounting.同学们一定要保持清醒,做出正确的判断!
最后一点,Cost accounting也为Management accounting提供了一堆data, 成本会计的内容应该是阐述各种成本计算方法,至于成本控制与分析则由管理会计完成。
小测试
看完以上的小科普接下来我们来看一道题目,同学们可以检验一下自己有没有真正学懂Costing accounting。
Which of the following sentences is true?
(a) Costing accounting can be used for inventory valuation to meet the requirement of internal reporting only.
(b) Cost accounting is part of financial accounting.
A. Only (a) is correct
B. Only (b) is correct
C. Both are correct
D. Neither is correct
正确答案:D
(a)中错在only,Costing accounting can be used for inventory valuation to meet the requirements of both internal reporting and external financial reporting.
(b) 错在financial,应该是management accounting.
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