精读 -【纽约时报】不要轻视网红，他们正在主宰世界
关于本精读栏目：
1. 短：一般不超过3个长句，语言材料不在多，在精；每天花费10分钟的时间，保证你真正学到知识；
2. 词：精选的段落包含的都是高频词，拒绝晦涩难懂，华而不实；词汇讲解一律采用英英词典，拒绝中文释义，还能锻炼我们的英语思维习惯；
3. 句：注重句子结构分析，不断重复语法；
4. 译：每个长句讲解完成后，有中文翻译，译文后面有醒目的回译提醒，帮助你养成中英互译的好习惯。
图片来源：pixabay.com
文章来源于纽约时报中文网。前半部分讲述了大众眼中的“网红”：青少年、肤浅、傲慢、自恋。文章作者在参加了VidCon大会后，却对网红有的新的认识，甚至认为网红群体在未来有着不可估量的作用。正如标题所言，“不要轻视网红，他们正在主宰世界”。这里我选取了其中一段作者对网红的正面看法来做精读，这些看法也是平时我们想不到的网红的积极面。
Don't Scoff at Influencers. They are Taking Over the World.
But if you can look past the silliness and status-seeking, many people at VidCon are hard at work. Being an influencer can be an exhausting, burnout-inducing job, and the people who are good at it have typically spent years working their way up the ladder. Many social media influencers are essentially one-person start-ups, and the best ones can spot trends, experiment relentlessly with new formats and platforms, build an authentic connection with an audience, pay close attention to their channel analytics, and figure out how to distinguish themselves in a crowded media environment - all while churning out a constant stream of new content.
第一句：
But if you can look past the silliness and status-seeking, many people at VidCon are hard at work.
VidCon：由YouTube于2010年在南加州举办，将全世界的知名YouTube创作者、粉丝等成千上万的人邀请过来聚集在一起的交流会，可以理解为网红大会。
主干：
Many people at VidCon are hard at work. （主系表结构）
从句：
if you can look past the silliness and status-seeking
连接词if，后面有完整的主谓结构，所以这是一个从句；
主干意义完整，if引导的句子对主干句子做假设条件的信息补充，所以这是一个条件状语从句。
第一句译文：
但是如果你能无视这些愚蠢和追求地位之举的话，VidCon的很多人其实都很拼。
请自觉将中文回译成英文，理解句子结构后翻译并不难！
第二句：
Being an influencer can be an exhausting, burnout-inducing job, and the people who are good at it have typically spent years working their way up the ladder.
网红怎么翻译？
这篇文章用的是influencer，是比较精准的，或者是social influencer，还有类似的翻译是Internet celebrity, cyber star, 我比较建议influencer作为常用的口语和书面对网红的表达。
burnout-inducing
burnout是一个名词，要记住这个词性，表示筋疲力尽；
induce：To induce a state or condition means to cause it. （Collins）
typically
是个非常常用的词，一定要记住这个词！它最常见的意思是：
You use typically to say that something usually happens in the way that you are describing. （Collins）
Typically, parents apply to several schools.
It typically takes a day or two, depending on size.
Today's organic olive oil producer is typically a small family concern.
第二句：
Being an influencer can be an exhausting, burnout-inducing job, and the people who are good at it have typically spent years working their way up the ladder.
主干：
1. Being an influencer can be an exhausting, burnout-inducing job.
2. the people have typically spent years working their way up the ladder.
从句：
who are good at it👉the people are good at it
连接词who， 主谓结构完整，是从句，整个从句修饰前面的名词the people，所以这是一个定语从句。
第二句译文：
做一名网红是一份令人筋疲力尽的工作，那些做得很好的网红通常都花费了数年的时间才一步步爬上来。
请自觉将中文回译成英文，理解句子结构后翻译并不难！
第三句：
Many social media influencers are essentially one-person start-ups, and the best ones can spot trends, experiment relentlessly with new formats and platforms, build an authentic connection with an audience, pay close attention to their channel analytics, and figure out how to distinguish themselves in a crowded media environment - all while churning out a constant stream of new content.
Social media
我们常说的社交网络，如微信，微博，国外的fb，insta，等等，就叫做social media，这也是现在经常被提到的词。
essentially
高频词！请大家仔细体会下面的英文释义和例举，自己再试着组3个句子巩固，这样才能做到为己用。
You use essentially to emphasize a quality that someone or something has, and to say that it is their most important or basic quality. （Collins）
[formal, emphasis]
Great writers, composers and scientists are essentially quite different from ordinary people.
Essentially, vines and grapes need water, heat and light.
Synonyms: fundamentally, radically, basically, primarily
start-ups
这里start-up是名词用法，表示创业公司，它还有一个常见用法是做形容词，表示初创的，例如start-up company, start-up business.
spot
spot有丰富的含义和词性，在这里是做动词：
If you spot something or someone, you notice them. （Collins）
Vicenzo failed to spot the error. [VERB noun]
He left the party seconds before smoke was spotted coming up the stairs. [VERB noun]
relentlessly
大家注意下面两个例句中，relentless分别做了褒义和贬义，这也是为什么我在单词部分都不加中文释义，希望大家多体会英文的意境。
Someone who is relentless is determined to do something and refuses to give up, even if what they are doing is unpleasant or cruel. （Collins）
Relentless in his pursuit of quality, his technical ability was remarkable.
He was the most relentless enemy I have ever known.
authentic
在生活大爆炸中有一幕，是Sheldon拿着一个飞镖对Lenord说，“这可是正宗的中国飞镖！”这里正宗的表达，就是用的authentic。平时我们说正宗的日料，正宗的泰国菜等等，就是authentic。
An authentic person, object, or emotion is genuine. （Collins）
...authentic Italian food.
She has authentic charm whereas most people simply have nice manners.
They have to look authentic.
distinguish
这也是一个高频词，请大家学习并记住！
最常见的含义：
If you can distinguish one thing from another or distinguish between two things, you can see or understand how they are different. （Collins）
Could he distinguish right from wrong? [VERB noun + from]
这篇文章里面这个含义也很常用：
If you distinguish yourself, you do something that makes you famous or important. （Collins）
churning
是动词churn的形容词形式。
If something churns water, mud, or dust, it moves it about violently.
比如急性肠胃炎时的肚子绞痛我们可以说：
My stomach is churning.
第三句：
Many social media influencers are essentially one-person start-ups, and the best ones can spot trends, experiment relentlessly with new formats and platforms, build an authentic connection with an audience, pay close attention to their channel analytics, and figure out how to distinguish themselves in a crowded media environment- all while churning out a constant stream of new content.
主干：
1.Many social media influencers are essentially one-person start-ups.
2.the best ones can spot trends, XXXXX and figure out something.
从句：
Something is how to distinguish themselves in a crowded media environment.
how从句做figure out的宾语，所以是名词性从句里的宾语从句。
all while (it is)churning out a constant stream of new content
while连接词表示伴随状态，主谓结构完整，用来对主干句子做一个信息补充，是状语从句。
第三句译文：
许多社交网络的网红们都是一个人的创业公司，而其中的佼佼者能发现趋势走向，坚持不懈的尝试新方式、新平台，与受众建立真实的联系，密切留意他们的渠道分析，找到如何使他们在拥挤的媒体环境下脱颖而出的方法 - 与此同时还有新内容流的不断涌现。
请自觉将中文回译成英文，理解句子结构后翻译并不难！
