2019-03-11-Ethiopian flight 302:
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原文载于The Guardian杂志：https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/10/ethiopian-flight-302-second-new-boeing-737-max-8-to-crash-in-four-months
Ethiopian flight 302: second new Boeing 737 to crash in four months
Confidence that a newer plane inevitably means a safer plane in danger of being shaken
Gwyn Topham Transport correspondent
Sun 10 Mar 2019 15.37 GMT
| 原文 | 译文（机译+略改） |
|---|---|
| The crash of Ethiopian Airlines flight 302 from Addis Ababa to Nairobi is a tragedy that threatens to leave fresh questions hanging over the aircraft manufacturer Boeing. | 埃塞俄比亚航空公司(Ethiopian Airlines)从亚的斯亚贝巴飞往内罗毕的302航班坠毁是一场悲剧，这场悲剧恐怕会给飞机制造商波音(Boeing)带来新的问题。 |
| Few details about the crash are yet available, but according to Ethiopian Airlines the pilot, who was experienced with an excellent flying record, reported difficulties and asked to turn back. | 目前还没有关于这次坠机的详细信息，但是据埃塞俄比亚航空公司称，这名飞行员称遇到了困难，并要求返回。 |
| Africa’s aviation safety record has never been good, though Ethiopian has been regarded as an exception. Technical experts from Boeing are standing by for an international investigation into a crash that involved passengers from at least 32 countries. | 非洲的航空安全记录从来都不是很好，尽管埃塞俄比亚被视为一个例外。来自波音公司的技术专家正在等待一项国际调查，该调查涉及至少32个国家的乘客。 |
| The Boeing 737 MAX 8, a brand new plane only registered in November, disappeared from the radar six minutes into the flight. Immediate comparisons have been drawn with Lion Air flight 610, which crashed just over four months ago, killing 189 people. Flight data showed erratic climbs and descents before the plane, also a MAX 8, came down 12 minutes after takeoff from Jakarta. | 去年11月才注册的全新机型波音737 MAX 8，在飞行6分钟后就从雷达上消失了。人们立即将其与4个多月前坠毁、导致189人死亡的狮航610航班进行了比较。飞行数据显示，这架飞机在从雅加达起飞12分钟后出现了不稳定的上升和下降。 |
| More than 300 Boeing 737-MAX planes are in operation and more than 5,000 have been ordered worldwide since 2017. It is the latest iteration of the 737, the world’s bestselling plane, ever more capable of flying autonomously. | 自2017年以来，全球共有300多架波音737-Max飞机投入运营，5000多架飞机已被订购。这是世界上最畅销的737飞机的最新一代，它能够更加自主地飞行。 |
| Autonomy, however, can bring problems. It is notable that insurers considering driverless cars worry most about the period when highly autonomous vehicles will coexist with human drivers, the uncertain interface between human and artificial intelligence. | 然而，自治也会带来问题。值得注意的是，考虑无人驾驶汽车的保险公司最担心的是高度自动化汽车与人类驾驶员共存的时期，人类与人工智能之间的界面将变得不确定。 |
| Pilots worldwide were angered after the Lion Air crash that subtle software modifications to the MAX 8’s autopilot had not been fully communicated. Nor were they made the subject of mandatory pilot retraining. | 在狮航坠机事件后，全球的飞行员都感到愤怒，因为对MAX 8自动驾驶仪的细微软件修改没有得到充分沟通。他们也没有成为强制飞行员再培训的对象。 |
| The new plane automatically compensates if it believes its angle puts it at a risk of stalling, a safety feature that worked in a slightly different way to that which 737 pilots were used to. Lion Air’s black box suggested the pilots of flight 610 had been wrestling with this issue. | 如果新飞机认为它的角度会让它有熄火的风险，它就会自动进行补偿，这一安全特性的工作方式与737飞行员过去习惯的方式略有不同。狮航的黑匣子显示，610航班的飞行员一直在努力解决这个问题。 |
| Boeing argued that if pilots followed existing procedures, there should be no danger. Past crashes, however, and most famously the AirFrance flight 447 disaster in the south Atlantic, have shown that the sensors on which aircraft computer systems rely can malfunction, and that pilots who have grown to trust the technology can become rapidly bewildered when things go wrong. All too human reactions led to disaster. | 波音辩称，如果飞行员遵循现有程序，应该不会有危险。然而，过去的坠机事件，以及最著名的法国航空公司(AirFrance) 447航班在南大西洋坠毁事件，都表明飞机电脑系统所依赖的传感器可能会发生故障，而那些越来越信任这项技术的飞行员，一旦出了问题，很快就会不知所措。人类的所有反应都导致了灾难。 |
| The aviation industry has boasted that it is safer than ever in recent years, and the International Air Transport Association reported no accidents involving a modern commercial passenger jet over several years this decade. Turboprops and old cargo planes might fail, but the worst disasters were ascribed to deliberate acts - terrorist attacks, pilot suicide, Russian missiles – or, in the case of MH370, left unexplained. | 航空业吹嘘说，近年来，它比以往任何时候都安全。国际航空运输协会(International Air Transport Association)报告称，在过去10年的几年里，没有发生过涉及现代商用客机的事故。涡轮螺旋桨飞机和老式货机可能会失灵，但最严重的灾难被归咎于蓄意行为——恐怖袭击、飞行员自杀、俄罗斯导弹——或者，就MH370航班而言，原因不明。 |
| Emerging details from Ethiopia may quickly show a specific cause that is completely unrelated to any issues at Lion Air or to the new 737. Boeing and the Federal Aviation Authority, which regulates the company, will hope so. Confidence that a newer plane automatically means a safer plane is in danger of being shaken. | 来自埃塞俄比亚的新细节可能很快显示出一个与狮航或新737的任何问题完全无关的具体原因。波音和监管该公司的联邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Authority)希望如此。相信一架更新的飞机会自动意味着一架更安全的飞机有被动摇的危险。 |
- crash
① (N-COUNT) 撞车;碰撞;相撞 A crash is an accident in which a moving vehicle hits something and is damaged or destroyed.
② (V-ERG) (使)碰撞;(使)撞毁 If a moving vehicle crashes or if the driver crashes it, it hits something and is damaged or destroyed.
③ (VERB) 猛撞;撞击 If something crashes somewhere, it moves and hits something else violently, making a loud noise.
④ (N-COUNT) (突然间响起的)巨大声响 A crash is a sudden, loud noise.
⑤ (VERB) (生意或金融体制)倒闭，破产，失败 If a business or financial system crashes, it fails suddenly, often with serious effects.
⑥ (VERB) (计算机或计算机程序)崩溃，瘫痪 If a computer or a computer program crashes, it fails suddenly. - inevitably
(ADV) 不可避免地;必然(发生)地 If something will inevitably happen, it is certain to happen and cannot be prevented or avoided. - in danger of
处于…危险之中 - tragedy
① (N-VAR) 不幸;灾难;惨剧 A tragedy is an extremely sad event or situation.
② (N-VAR) 悲剧（作品） Tragedy is a type of literature, especially drama, that is serious and sad, and often ends with the death of the main character. - hang over
挂在…之上，悬浮在…之上; 威胁，即将降临[发生]; 搭; - manufacturer
(N-COUNT) 生产商;制造商 A manufacturer is a business or company which makes goods in large quantities to sell. - pilot
① (N-COUNT) （飞机）驾驶员;飞行员 A pilot is a person who is trained to fly an aircraft.
② (N-COUNT) （船舶的）引航员,领航员 A pilot is a person who steers a ship through a difficult stretch of water, for example the entrance to a harbour.
③ (VERB) 驾驶（飞机等）；为（船舶）引航 If someone pilots an aircraft or ship, they act as its pilot.
④ (N-COUNT) 试验性的方案；试点性的项目 A pilot scheme or a pilot project is one which is used to test an idea before deciding whether to introduce it on a larger scale.
⑤ (VERB) 试验；试行 If a government or organization pilots a programme or a scheme, they test it, before deciding whether to introduce it on a larger scale.
⑥ (VERB) 使（新的法律或议案）顺利通过 If a government minister pilots a new law or bill through parliament, he or she makes sure that it is introduced successfully. - record
① (N-COUNT) （文字或影像）记录，记载 If you keep a record of something, you keep a written account or photographs of it so that it can be referred to later.
② (VERB) （用文字、照片或电脑）记录，记载 If you record a piece of information or an event, you write it down, photograph it, or put it into a computer so that in the future people can refer to it.
③ (VERB) （用磁带或胶片）记录，录制，记下 If you record something such as a speech or performance, you put it on tape or film so that it can be heard or seen again later.
④ (VERB) 录制（音乐、电视或广播节目） If a musician or performer records a piece of music or a television or radio show, they perform it so that it can be put onto CD, tape, or film.
⑤ (N-COUNT) （音乐）唱片 A record is a round, flat piece of black plastic on which sound, especially music, is stored, and which can be played on a record player. You can also refer to the music stored on this piece of plastic as a record.
⑥ (VERB) 记录，表明（某种测量结果或数值） If a dial or other measuring device records a certain measurement or value, it shows that measurement or value. - aviation
(N-UNCOUNT) 航空；飞机制造业 Aviation is the operation and production of aircraft. - exception
(N-COUNT) 例外;除外 An exception is a particular thing, person, or situation that is not included in a general statement, judgment, or rule. - stand by
① (PHRASAL VERB) 做好准备;准备行动 If you are standing by, you are ready and waiting to provide help or to take action.
② (PHRASAL VERB) 坐视不理;袖手旁观 If you stand by and let something bad happen, you do not do anything to stop it.
③ (PHRASAL VERB) 继续支持(尤指身处困境的人) If you stand by someone, you continue to give them support, especially when they are in trouble.
④ (PHRASAL VERB) 坚持，遵守，信守(原有的决定、承诺或宣言) If you stand by an earlier decision, promise, or statement, you continue to support it or keep it. - investigation
（n）（正式的）调查，研究; 侦查; 科学研究; 学术研究; - involve from
与……有关 - brand new
崭新 - register
① (N-COUNT) 登记本；注册簿；（官方）记录 A register is an official list or record of people or things.
② (VERB) 登记；注册 If you register to do something, you put your name on an official list, in order to be able to do that thing or to receive a service.
③ (VERB) 登记;正式记录;给…注册 If you register something, such as the name of a person who has just died or information about something you own, you have these facts recorded on an official list.
④ (V-ERG) （仪表等）显示，指示 When something registers on a scale or measuring instrument, it shows on the scale or instrument. You can also say that something registers a certain amount or level on a scale or measuring instrument.
⑤ (VERB) 表示，表达（情绪或意见） If you register your feelings or opinions about something, you do something that makes them clear to other people.
⑥ (VERB) （表情）流露，显露，显出 If a feeling registers on someone's face, their expression shows clearly that they have that feeling.
⑦ (V-ERG) 引起注意;（被）意识到;（使）留下印象 If a piece of information does not register or if you do not register it, you do not really pay attention to it, and so you do not remember it or react to it. - radar
(N-VAR) 雷达;无线电定位装置 Radar is a way of discovering the position or speed of objects such as aircraft or ships when they cannot be seen, by using radio signals. - comparison with
与……比较 - erratic
(ADJ-GRADED) 不稳定的;难以预测的；不规则的 Something that is erratic does not follow a regular pattern, but happens at unexpected times or moves along in an irregular way. - descent
① (N-VAR) 下降;降落 A descent is a movement from a higher to a lower level or position.
② (N-COUNT) 斜坡;斜面 A descent is a surface that slopes downwards, for example the side of a steep hill.
③ (N-SING) (形势的)恶化;(人的)堕落，沦落 When you want to emphasize that a situation becomes very bad, you can talk about someone's or something's descent into that situation.
④ (N-UNCOUNT) 血统;家世;出身 You use descent to talk about a person's family background, for example their nationality or social status. - takeoff
① (N-VAR) (飞机的)起飞，升空 Takeoff is the beginning of a flight, when an aircraft leaves the ground.
② (N-COUNT) (对某人动作的滑稽)模仿 A takeoff of someone is a humorous imitation of the way in which they behave.
③ (N-UNCOUNT) (经济、生意等的)开始腾飞，迅速发展 Takeoff is the point in the development of something, such as an economy or a business, when it begins to be successful. - in operation
运转着，生效; - iteration
（n）反复; 重述; 重述的事; [计算机]循环; - bestselling
① (ADJ) （书等）畅销的，抢手的，大卖的 A best-selling product such as a book is very popular and a large quantity of it has been sold.
② (ADJ) （作者）畅销书的 A best-selling author is an author who has sold a very large number of copies of his or her book. - ever more
(ADV) 永远，始终；越发地，越来越; - capable
① (ADJ-GRADED) 有…能力的;能够…的 If a person or thing is capable of doing something, they have the ability to do it.
② (ADJ-GRADED) 熟练的;胜任的;有能力的 Someone who is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well, or is able to do most things well. - capable of
有…能力（或技能）的，能…的; - autonomously
① (ADJ-GRADED) 自治的 An autonomous country, organization, or group governs or controls itself rather than being controlled by anyone else.
② (ADJ-GRADED) 独立自主的；有主见的 An autonomous person makes their own decisions rather than being influenced by someone else. - autonomy
① (N-UNCOUNT) 自治 Autonomy is the control or government of a country, organization, or group by itself rather than by others.
② (N-UNCOUNT) 独立自主 Autonomy is the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being influenced by someone else or told what to do. - notable
① (ADJ-GRADED) 值得注意的;显著的;有趣的 Someone or something that is notable is important or interesting.
② (N-COUNT) 显要人物;有势力的人 Notables are important or powerful people. - insurer
(N-COUNT) 保险公司 An insurer is a company that sells insurance. - driverless
无人驾驶的; - vehicle
① (N-COUNT) 车辆;交通工具;运输工具 A vehicle is a machine such as a car, bus, or truck which has an engine and is used to carry people from place to place.
② (N-COUNT) （实现目的的）工具，手段,媒介 You can use vehicle to refer to something that you use in order to achieve a particular purpose. - coexist
(V-RECIP) 同时存在;共存 If one thing coexists with another, they exist together at the same time or in the same place. You can also say that two things coexist . - interface
① (N-COUNT) (学科或系统间相互影响或衔接的)边缘区域,接合部位 The interface between two subjects or systems is the area in which they affect each other or have links with each other.
② (N-COUNT) (软件的用户)界面 If you refer to the user interface of a particular piece of computing software, you are talking about its presentation on screen and how easy it is to operate.
③ (N-COUNT) (计算机或电子设备的)接口 In computing and electronics, an interface is an electrical cricuit which links one machine, especially a computer, with another.
④ (V-RECIP-ERG) (使)(与…)相互联系（或连接） If one thing interfaces with another, or if two things interface, they have connections with each other. If you interface one thing with another, you connect the two things. - artificial
① (ADJ) 人造的；非自然形成的 Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.
② (ADJ-GRADED) 人造的；不自然的；假的 An artificial state or situation exists only because someone has created it, and therefore often seems unnatural or unnecessary.
③ (ADJ-GRADED) 假装的；虚伪的；矫揉造作的 If you describe someone or their behaviour as artificial, you disapprove of them because they pretend to have attitudes and feelings which they do not really have.
④ (ADJ-GRADED) （味道、外观）不自然的，不真实的，添加非天然成分的 If you say that food tastes or looks artificial, you do not like it because its taste or appearance does not seem genuine, and seems to be created by added substances. - intelligence
① (N-UNCOUNT) 聪颖;智慧;灵性 Intelligence is the quality of being intelligent or clever.
② (N-UNCOUNT) 智力;智能 Intelligence is the ability to think, reason, and understand instead of doing things automatically or by instinct.
③ (N-UNCOUNT) 情报;谍报 Intelligence is information that is gathered by the government or the army about their country's enemies and their activities. - artificial intelligence
人工智能 - subtle
① (ADJ-GRADED) 不易察觉的;不明显的;微妙的 Something that is subtle is not immediately obvious or noticeable.
② (ADJ-GRADED) 机智的;机巧的;狡猾的 A subtle person cleverly uses indirect methods to achieve something.
③ (ADJ-GRADED) 清淡的;隐约的;柔和的 Subtle smells, tastes, sounds, or colours are pleasantly complex and delicate. - modification
① (VERB) 修改;变更;改进 If you modify something, you change it slightly, usually in order to improve it.
② (VERB) 修饰;限定 A word or group of words that modifies another word describes or classifies something, or restricts the meaning of the word. - autopilot
（n）自动驾驶仪; - communicate
① (V-RECIP) 沟通;联系;交流 If you communicate with someone, you share or exchange information with them, for example by speaking, writing, or using equipment. You can also say that two people communicate .
② (VERB) 传达;传递 If you communicate information, a feeling, or an idea to someone, you let them know about it.
③ (V-RECIP) 沟通，交流(情感、想法等) If one person communicates with another, they successfully make each other aware of their feelings and ideas. You can also say that two people communicate . - mandatory
① (ADJ) 强制性的; 法定的;义务的 If an action or procedure is mandatory, people have to do it, because it is a rule or a law.
② (ADJ) (惩罚)强制性的，法定的 If a crime carries a mandatory punishment, that punishment is fixed by law for all cases, in contrast to crimes for which the judge or magistrate has to decide the punishment for each particular case. - compensate
① (VERB) 赔偿;补偿 To compensate someone for money or things that they have lost means to pay them money or give them something to replace that money or those things.
② (VERB) 弥补;补偿 If you compensate for a lack of something or for something you have done wrong, you do something to make the situation better.
③ (VERB) 抵消 Something that compensates for something else balances it or reduces its effects.
④ (VERB) 弥补(过失或不足) If you try to compensate for something that is wrong or missing in your life, you try to do something that removes or reduces the harmful effects. - puts sb at a risk of
使某人冒……的风险 - stall
① (V-ERG) (使)(进程)暂停;(使)推后 If a process stalls, or if someone or something stalls it, the process stops but may continue at a later time.
② (VERB) 拖延 If you stall, you try to avoid doing something until later.
③ (VERB) 暂时阻止;把…拖住 If you stall someone, you prevent them from doing something until a later time.
④ (V-ERG) (使)突然熄火 If a vehicle stalls or if you accidentally stall it, the engine stops suddenly.
⑤ (N-COUNT) 货摊;摊位;咨询台 A stall is a large table on which you put goods that you want to sell, or information that you want to give people. - wrestle
① (VERB) 试图解决;绞尽脑汁处理 When you wrestle with a difficult problem, you try to deal with it.
② (VERB) 摔跤;扭斗 If you wrestle with someone, you fight them by forcing them into painful positions or throwing them to the ground, rather than by hitting them. Some people wrestle as a sport.
③ (VERB) 使劲搬动;用力移动 If you wrestle a person or thing somewhere, you move them there using a lot of force, for example by twisting a part of someone's body into a painful position. - sensor
(N-COUNT) (探测光、热等的)传感器,探测设备,敏感元件 A sensor is an instrument which reacts to certain physical conditions or impressions such as heat or light, and which is used to provide information. - malfunction
(VERB) （机器）失灵，出故障；（人体器官）机能失常，出现功能障碍 If a machine or part of the body malfunctions, it fails to work properly. - bewildered
(ADJ-GRADED) 困惑不解的；不知所措的；晕头转向的 If you are bewildered, you are very confused and cannot understand something or decide what you should do. - aviation
(N-UNCOUNT) 航空；飞机制造业 Aviation is the operation and production of aircraft. - boast
① (VERB) 吹嘘；炫耀；夸耀 If someone boasts about something that they have done or that they own, they talk about it very proudly, in a way that other people may find irritating or offensive.
② (VERB) 有，拥有（值得骄傲的成就或财产） If someone or something can boast a particular achievement or possession, they have achieved or possess that thing. - commercial
① (ADJ) 商业的;贸易的 Commercial means involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods.
② (ADJ-GRADED) (组织、活动)营利的，商业化的，偏重利润的 Commercial organizations and activities are concerned with making money or profits, rather than, for example, with scientific research or providing a public service.
③ (ADJ) (产品)商品化的，供市场出售的 A commercial product is made to be sold to the public.
④ (ADJ) (车辆)商用的 A commercial vehicle is a vehicle used for carrying goods, or passengers who pay.
⑤ (ADJ) (电视、广播)靠广告收入维持的，商业性的 Commercial television and radio are paid for by the broadcasting of advertisements, rather than by the government.
⑥ (ADJ-GRADED) (电影或音乐)商业化的，迎合大众口味的 Commercial is used to describe something such as a film or a type of music that it is intended to be popular with the public, and is not very original or of high quality. - jet
① (N-COUNT) 喷气式飞机 A jet is an aircraft that is powered by jet engines.
② (VERB) 乘坐喷气式飞机飞行 If you jet somewhere, you travel there in a fast plane.
③ (N-COUNT) （液体或气体的）喷射流 A jet of liquid or gas is a strong, fast, thin stream of it. - turboprop
① (N-COUNT) 涡轮螺旋桨发动机 A turboprop is a turbine engine that makes an aircraft propeller go round.
② (N-COUNT) 涡轮螺旋桨飞机 A turboprop is an aircraft with one or more turboprops. - cargo
(N-VAR) (轮船、飞机所装载的)货物 The cargo of a ship or plane is the goods that it is carrying. - ascribe
① (VERB) 把…归因于；把…归咎于 If you ascribe an event or condition to a particular cause, you say or consider that it was caused by that thing.
② (VERB) 认为是…的特点;认为…具有 If you ascribe a quality to someone, you consider that they possess it.
③ (VERB) 认为…是…所说（或所为） If you ascribe something such as a quotation or a work of art to someone, you say that they said it or created it. - deliberate
① (ADJ-GRADED) 故意的;蓄意的;早有计划的 If you do something that is deliberate, you planned or decided to do it beforehand, and so it happens on purpose rather than by chance.
② (ADJ-GRADED) 从容的;不慌不忙的;审慎的;小心翼翼的 If a movement or action is deliberate, it is done slowly and carefully.
③ (VERB) （尤指作出重大决定前）慎重考虑，仔细思考 If you deliberate, you think about something carefully, especially before making a very important decision. - terrorist
(N-COUNT) 恐怖主义分子 A terrorist is a person who uses violence, especially murder and bombing, in order to achieve political aims. - suicide
① (N-VAR) 自杀 People who commit suicide deliberately kill themselves because they do not want to continue living.
② (N-UNCOUNT) 自杀性行为;自毁;自取灭亡的行为 You say that people commit suicide when they deliberately do something which ruins their career or position in society.
③ (ADJ) (袭击、任务、爆炸)自杀性的 The people involved in a suicide attack, mission, or bombing do not expect to survive. - missile
① (N-COUNT) 导弹;飞弹 A missile is a tube-shaped weapon that travels long distances through the air and explodes when it reaches its target.
② (N-COUNT) （作为武器的）投掷物，抛掷物，发射物 Anything that is thrown as a weapon can be called a missile. - in the case of
至于…， 就…来说; - emerge
① (VERB) 出现;露出 To emerge means to come out from an enclosed or dark space such as a room or a vehicle, or from a position where you could not be seen.
② (VERB) （从困境或不好的经历中）摆脱出来，熬出来 If you emerge from a difficult or bad experience, you come to the end of it.
③ (VERB) （事实或结果）显露，显现，暴露 If a fact or result emerges from a period of thought, discussion, or investigation, it becomes known as a result of it.
● ...the growing corruption that has emerged in the past few years...
过去几年暴露出来的越来越多的腐败现象
④ (VERB) 显露;露头;显现 If someone or something emerges as a particular thing, they become recognized as that thing.
⑤ (VERB) （机构、行业等）形成，兴起，出现 When something such as an organization or an industry emerges, it comes into existence. - specific
① (ADJ-GRADED) (部位、问题、题目等)特定的，特别的 You use specific to refer to a particular fixed area, problem, or subject.
② (ADJ-GRADED) （表达）明确的，确切的，具体的 If someone is specific, they give a description that is precise and exact. You can also use specific to describe their description.
③ (ADJ) 特有的;独特的;只与…有关的 Something that is specific to a particular thing is connected with that thing only. - regulate
(VERB) (尤指通过规章制度)管理，调整，控制 To regulate an activity or process means to control it, especially by means of rules.
