998 Maximum Binary Tree II 最大二叉树 II

Description:
A maximum tree is a tree where every node has a value greater than any other value in its subtree.

You are given the root of a maximum binary tree and an integer val.

Just as in the previous problem, the given tree was constructed from a list a (root = Construct(a)) recursively with the following Construct(a) routine:

If a is empty, return null.
Otherwise, let a[i] be the largest element of a. Create a root node with the value a[i].
The left child of root will be Construct([a[0], a[1], ..., a[i - 1]]).
The right child of root will be Construct([a[i + 1], a[i + 2], ..., a[a.length - 1]]).
Return root.
Note that we were not given a directly, only a root node root = Construct(a).

Suppose b is a copy of a with the value val appended to it. It is guaranteed that b has unique values.

Return Construct(b).

Example:

Example 1:

maxtree1

Input: root = [4,1,3,null,null,2], val = 5
Output: [5,4,null,1,3,null,null,2]
Explanation: a = [1,4,2,3], b = [1,4,2,3,5]

Example 2:

maxtree2

Input: root = [5,2,4,null,1], val = 3
Output: [5,2,4,null,1,null,3]
Explanation: a = [2,1,5,4], b = [2,1,5,4,3]

Example 3:

maxtree3

Input: root = [5,2,3,null,1], val = 4
Output: [5,2,4,null,1,3]
Explanation: a = [2,1,5,3], b = [2,1,5,3,4]

Constraints:

The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [1, 100].
1 <= Node.val <= 100
All the values of the tree are unique.
1 <= val <= 100

题目描述:
最大树定义：一个树，其中每个节点的值都大于其子树中的任何其他值。

给出最大树的根节点 root。

就像之前的问题那样，给定的树是从列表 A（root = Construct(A)）递归地使用下述 Construct(A) 例程构造的：

如果 A 为空，返回 null
否则，令 A[i] 作为 A 的最大元素。创建一个值为 A[i] 的根节点 root
root 的左子树将被构建为 Construct([A[0], A[1], ..., A[i-1]])
root 的右子树将被构建为 Construct([A[i+1], A[i+2], ..., A[A.length - 1]])
返回 root
请注意，我们没有直接给定 A，只有一个根节点 root = Construct(A).

假设 B 是 A 的副本，并在末尾附加值 val。题目数据保证 B 中的值是不同的。

返回 Construct(B)。

示例 :

示例 1：

最大树 1

输入：root = [4,1,3,null,null,2], val = 5
输出：[5,4,null,1,3,null,null,2]
解释：A = [1,4,2,3], B = [1,4,2,3,5]

示例 2：

最大树 2

输入：root = [5,2,4,null,1], val = 3
输出：[5,2,4,null,1,null,3]
解释：A = [2,1,5,4], B = [2,1,5,4,3]

示例 3：

最大树 3

输入：root = [5,2,3,null,1], val = 4
输出：[5,2,4,null,1,3]
解释：A = [2,1,5,3], B = [2,1,5,3,4]

提示:

1 <= B.length <= 100

思路:

递归
如果 root 为空或者 root 的值小于 val
需要新建一个结点 root 并使得 root.left = root, root.right = nullptr
否则递归找到 root.right 上适合插入的结点
时间复杂度为 O(n), 空间复杂度为 O(n)

代码:
C++:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution 
{
public:
    TreeNode* insertIntoMaxTree(TreeNode* root, int val) 
    {
        if (!root or root -> val < val) root = new TreeNode(val, root, nullptr);
        else root -> right = insertIntoMaxTree(root -> right, val);
        return root;
    }
};

Java:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode insertIntoMaxTree(TreeNode root, int val) {
        if (root == null) return new TreeNode(val);
        if (root.val < val) {
            TreeNode p = new TreeNode(val);
            p.left = root;
            return p;
        } else {
            root.right = insertIntoMaxTree(root.right, val);
        }
        return root;
    }
}

Python:

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def insertIntoMaxTree(self, root: Optional[TreeNode], val: int) -> Optional[TreeNode]:
        if not root or root.val < val:
            root = TreeNode(val, root, None)
        else:
            root.right = self.insertIntoMaxTree(root.right, val)
        return root