Android一个简单易用的Android6
2017-01-01 本文已影响0人
Android绝世小菜鸟
一.概述
最近因为工作需要用到Android6.0权限,就在网上找了下6.0权限的相关,发现了一篇好文章 ,请戳[小爱_小世界 ]的这篇文章,文章写的很好,解决 了我的问题及疑惑,而我的这个就是基于这篇文章的,可以说基本差不多,只是将使用方法稍微总结了一下,也算是自己的一个学习笔记!!!
二.运行时权限的变化及特点
对于6.0以下的权限及在安装的时候，根据权限声明产生一个权限列表，用户只有在同意之后才能完成app的安装，造成了我们想要使用某个app，就要默默忍受其一些不必要的权限（比如是个app都要访问通讯录、短信等）。而在6.0以后，我们可以直接安装，当app需要我们授予不恰当的权限的时候，我们可以予以拒绝（比如：单机的象棋对战，请求访问任何权限，我都是不同意的）。当然你也可以在设置界面对每个app的权限进行查看，以及对单个权限进行授权或者解除授权。
新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。
- Normal Permissions如下:
android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.BLUETOOTH
android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
android.permission.INTERNET
android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
android.permission.NFC
android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
android.permission.VIBRATE
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
- 6.0危险权限如下(只要使用了一组中的一个，该组中的其他权限默认可用)：
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
三.权限工具类
public class PermissionUtils {
private static final String TAG = PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
public static final int CODE_CONTACTS = 0;//联系人
public static final int CODE_PHONE = 1;//电话
public static final int CODE_CALENDAR = 2;//日历
public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 3;//相机
public static final int CODE_SENSORS = 4;//传感器
public static final int CODE_LOCATION = 5;//定位
public static final int CODE_STORAGE = 6;//内存卡
public static final int CODE_MICROPHONE = 7;//麦克风
public static final int CODE_SMS = 8;//短信
public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;//多个权限
//以下是对应上面的组权限，只需要申请一个组内的权限即可
public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;
public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE = Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_CALENDAR = Manifest.permission.READ_CALENDAR;
public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
public static final String PERMISSION_BODY_SENSORS = Manifest.permission.BODY_SENSORS;
public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_SMS = Manifest.permission.READ_SMS;
private static final String[] requestPermissions = {
PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,
PERMISSION_READ_CALENDAR,
PERMISSION_CAMERA,
PERMISSION_BODY_SENSORS,
PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,
PERMISSION_READ_SMS,
};
/**
* 请求回调接口
*/
public interface PermissionGrant {
void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);
}
/**
* 请求 permission.
*
* @param activity 上下文
* @param requestCode request code 如果需要Camera权限，就使用PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA
*/
public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
if (activity == null) {
return;
}
if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
return;
}
//如果是6.0以下的手机，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()会始终等于PERMISSION_GRANTED，
// 但是，如果用户关闭了你申请的权限，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(),会导致程序崩溃(java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null)，
// 你可以使用try{}catch(){},处理异常，也可以判断系统版本，低于23就不申请权限，直接做你想做的。permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
// if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {
// permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
// return;
// }
final String requestPermission = requestPermissions[requestCode];
int checkSelfPermission;
try {
checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
Toast.makeText(activity, activity.getResources().getText(R.string.Toast_permission), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
//判断是否需要解释弹窗
// 第一次 false 要允许吗（request）？
// 第二次 true 先弹一个框解释为什么需要权限，然后再去request，这个时候会出现不再询问
// 第三次 当点击了不再询问会false不弹窗
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale");
shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);
} else { //不需要弹窗（第一次) 要求权限打开弹窗
Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else");
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode);
}
//如该开启类权限，直接回调接口返回
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
}
}
/**
* 一次申请多个权限
*
* @param activity 上下文
* @param grant 回调接口
*/
public static void requestMultiPermissions(final Activity activity, int[] permissions,PermissionGrant grant) {
if(activity==null){
return;
}
//获取没有授权 不弹窗的所有权限
final List<String> permissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity,permissions, false);
//获取没有授权 弹窗的所有权限
final List<String> shouldRationalePermissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity,permissions, true);
//如果没有需要打开的权限直接返回,
if (permissionsList == null || shouldRationalePermissionsList == null) {
return;
}
Log.d(TAG, "requestMultiPermissions permissionsList:" + permissionsList.size() + ",shouldRationalePermissionsList:" + shouldRationalePermissionsList.size());
if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {
//请求所有权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissionsList.toArray(
new String[permissionsList.size()]), CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");
} else if (shouldRationalePermissionsList.size() > 0) {
showMessageOKCancel(activity, activity.getResources().getString(R.string.Dialog_Multi_Permission),
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, shouldRationalePermissionsList.toArray(
new String[shouldRationalePermissionsList.size()]), CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");
}
});
} else {
grant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
}
}
/**
* 获取没有授权 需要/不需要 弹窗的权限
*
* @param activity 上下文
* @param isShouldRationale true 没有授权需要弹窗的权限 false 没有授权不需要弹窗的权限
* @return 权限集合
*/
private static ArrayList<String> getNoGrantedPermission(Activity activity,int[] permissionCode, boolean isShouldRationale) {
ArrayList<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < permissionCode.length; i++) {
String requestPermission = requestPermissions[permissionCode[i]];
int checkSelfPermission = -1;
try {
checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
Toast.makeText(activity, activity.getResources().getText(R.string.Toast_permission), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
return null;
}
if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Log.i(TAG, "getNoGrantedPermission ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED:" + requestPermission);
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale if");
if (isShouldRationale) {
permissions.add(requestPermission);
}
} else {
if (!isShouldRationale) {
permissions.add(requestPermission);
}
Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale else");
}
}
}
return permissions;
}
/**
* 权限返回结果，当请求权限结束的时候调用的方法（失败或者成功都会回调) --->打开设置权限
*
* @param activity 上下文
* @param requestCode 包含的权限码
* @param permissions 所有权限数组
* @param grantResults 授权的权限数组
* @param permissionGrant 回调接口
*/
public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
if (activity == null) {
return;
}
//如果code是CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION就去调用多个权限的返回结果方法
if (requestCode == CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION) {
requestMultiResult(activity, permissions, grantResults, permissionGrant);
return;
}
if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
Toast.makeText(activity, activity.getResources().getText(R.string.permission_illegal_code)+ ""+requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString()
+ ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length);
if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION_GRANTED");
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
} else {
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION NOT GRANTED");
String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
openSettingActivity(activity, "应用" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);
}
}
/**
* @param activity 上下文
* @param permissions 权限
* @param grantResults 授权的权限数组
* @param permissionGrant 回调接口
*/
private static void requestMultiResult(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
if (activity == null) {
return;
}
Log.d(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult permissions length:" + permissions.length);
Map<String, Integer> perms = new HashMap<>();
ArrayList<String> notGranted = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
Log.d(TAG, "permissions: [i]:" + i + ", permissions[i]" + permissions[i] + ",grantResults[i]:" + grantResults[i]);
perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]);
if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
notGranted.add(permissions[i]);
}
}
if (notGranted.size() == 0) {
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
} else {
openSettingActivity(activity, activity.getResources().getString(R.string.Dialog_Multi_Permission));
}
}
//显示请求权限弹窗
private static void shouldShowRationale(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, final String requestPermission) {
String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
showMessageOKCancel(activity, "应用" + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
new String[]{requestPermission},
requestCode);
Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission);
}
});
}
private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setMessage(message)
.setPositiveButton("确定", okListener)
.setNegativeButton("取消", null)
.create()
.show();
}
//打开设置页面
private static void openSettingActivity(final Activity activity, String message) {
showMessageOKCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
intent.setData(uri);
activity.startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
四.权限的调用
- 如果项目使用的多的话，建议使用这种方式，建立一个基类定义一个接口回调权限的使用 建立一个BaseActivity，因为需要处理OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback的回调
public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback {
PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState, PersistableBundle persistentState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState, persistentState);
}
//权限回调
private OnPermissionListener OnPermissionListener;
public void setOnPermissionListener(OnPermissionListener OnPermissionListener){
this.OnPermissionListener = OnPermissionListener;
}
public interface OnPermissionListener{
void openIntent();
}
//权限请求
public void openPermission(int[] code_permission){
mPermissionGrant = new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() {
@Override
public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) {
if(OnPermissionListener!=null){
OnPermissionListener.openIntent();
}
}
};
if(code_permission.length<=0){
return;
} else if(code_permission.length==1){
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(BaseActivity.this, code_permission[0], mPermissionGrant);
}else {
PermissionUtils.requestMultiPermissions(BaseActivity.this,code_permission,mPermissionGrant);
}
}
//请求权限回调方法（必须实现OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback接口)
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(BaseActivity.this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant);
}
}
2.子类基础BaseActivity之后，执行处理的方法
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
....
private void deleteCalendarEvent() {
setOnPermissionListener(new OnPermissionListener() {
@Override
public void openIntent() {//设置权限监听之后，执行自己的操作
CalendarKit.delete(MainActivity.this, "2016-12-22");
}
});
openPermission(new int[]{PermissionUtils.CODE_CALENDAR, PermissionUtils.CODE_STORAGE});//请求日历和内存卡权限
}
}
非常感谢原文作者，如果想看具体的操作，点击文章一开始的链接
