oracle管理（十五）RMAN备份
2.rman备份：
level0:full
level1:Cumulative
level1:Differential
Cumulative-----累积增量每次都是从全备开始为起点一直到目前数据的变化。
Differential------差异增量每次都是从上一次增量备份为起点到目前的数据变化。
0及备份
su ora112
cd /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/
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mkdir /home/bak/BACKUPSET
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mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/bak
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cd $ORACLE_HOME/bak
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vim bp0.rman
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run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk MAXPIECESIZE 2000 M;#分配通道（本质是一个连接Oracle的会话）
allocate channel c2 device type disk MAXPIECESIZE 2000 M;
allocate channel c3 device type disk MAXPIECESIZE 2000 M;
allocate channel c4 device type disk MAXPIECESIZE 2000 M;
allocate channel c5 device type disk MAXPIECESIZE 2000 M;
configure controlfile autobackup on; #设置自动备份控制文件和参数文件
#set backup copies 3;#设置生成2个和备份一模一样的副本。（占用空间，慎用）
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;#保留2次的0级备份（保留策略之一）
#configure retention policy to recovery window of 3650 days;#最多保留能恢复3650天的备份。（保留策略之一）。
#注意：当前的程序会根据环境变量BACKUP_TOTAL_SIZE的大小（以MB为单位）保证闪回恢复区的文件总大小不超过该大小,远不能触发3650天的保留策略（这是我自己写策略）;若调小最大保留天数
的值，则有可能先触发最大保留天数。
crosscheck backup; #检测磁盘上的备份并告知控制文件。
crosscheck copy of archivelog all;#检测磁盘上的归档并告知控制文件
backup as compressed backupset incremental level=0 database format '/home/bak/BACKUPSET/bak_%T_%U_level0.bak' tag='level0' plus archivelog;
#sql 'alter system archive log current';
delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-7'; #删除7天前生成的所有归档。（保留归档是为了能够在这7天的期间做不完全恢复。）
#delete noprompt expired backup; #删除过期的备份。
#delete noprompt backup of database completed before 'sysdate - 16'; #删除16天内的备份。
release channel c1; #释放通道
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
release channel c5;
}
allocate channel for maintenance type disk;
delete obsolete device type disk;#删除超出保存策略的备份和归档。
exit
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bak
vim bp0.sh
#!/bin/bash
rman target / @$ORACLE_HOME/bak/bp0.rman log=$ORACLE_HOME/bak/log_level0_`date +%y%m%d`.log
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修改执行权限
ll
chmod u+x bp0*
ll
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用root用户检验下面的文件能否执行：
su - ora112 -c /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/bak/bp0.sh
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验证下
cd /home/bak/BACKUPSET/
ll
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添加 到系统任务中
crontab -e
0 23 * * 6 su - ora112 -c /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/bak/bp0.sh
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检查系统任务
crontab -l
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重启系统任务
service crond reload
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一级备份
vim bp1.rman
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run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
allocate channel c5 device type disk;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 3650 days;
crosscheck backup;
#sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup incremental level=1 cumulative database format '/home/bak/BACKUPSET/bak_%T_%U_cumulative_level1.bak' tag='cumulative' plus archivelog;
#sql 'alter system archive log current';
delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-7';
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
delete noprompt backup of database completed before 'sysdate - 16';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
release channel c5;
}
exit
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编写脚本
vim bp1.sh
#!/bin/bash
rman target / @$ORACLE_HOME/bak/bp1.rman log=$ORACLE_HOME/bak/log_cumulative_`date +%y%m%d`.log
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修改执行权限
ll
chmod u+x bp1*
ll
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用root用户检验下面的文件能否执行：
su - ora112 -c /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/bak/bp1.sh
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验证下
cd /home/bak/BACKUPSET/
ll
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添加 到系统任务中
crontab -e
0 23 * * 3 su - ora112 -c /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/bak/bp1.sh
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检查系统任务
crontab -l
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重启系统任务
service crond reload
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一级备份
su ora112
vim bp2.rman
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run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
allocate channel c5 device type disk;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 3650 days;
crosscheck backup;
#sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup incremental level=1 database format '/home/bak/BACKUPSET/bak_%T_%U_differential.bak' tag='differential' plus archivelog;
#sql 'alter system archive log current';
delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-7';
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
delete noprompt backup of database completed before 'sysdate - 16';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
release channel c5;
}
exit
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编写脚本
vim bp2.sh
#!/bin/bash
rman target / @$ORACLE_HOME/bak/bp2.rman log=$ORACLE_HOME/bak/log_differential_`date +%y%m%d`.log
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修改执行权限
ll
chmod u+x bp2*
ll
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用root用户检验下面的文件能否执行：
su - ora112 -c /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/bak/bp2.sh
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验证下
cd /home/bak/BACKUPSET/
ll
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添加 到系统任务中
crontab -e
0 23 * * 3 su - ora112 -c /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/bak/bp1.sh
0 23 * * 0,1,2,4,5 su - ora112 -c /app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/bak/bp2.sh
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检查系统任务
crontab -l
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重启系统任务
service crond reload
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