iOS Developer

通过实例了解KVC 、 Runtime

2017-07-26  本文已影响317人  强子ly

这个例子是我在网上看到的,主要介绍了用KVC和Runtime更改UITextField默认提示文字(PlaceHolder)颜色,借此机会简单介绍一下KVC和Runtime。

874828-519b69d9089bf83c.gif

目录:

一、KVC (Key-value coding)键值编码

1.1)、简介

通过Key名直接访问对象的属性,或者给对象的属性赋值。而不需要调用明确的存取方法。这样就可以在运行
时动态在访问和修改对象的属性。而不是在编译时确定,这也是iOS开发中的黑魔法之一。

通常我们使用valueForKey 来替代getter 方法,setValue:forKey来代替setter方法。

1.2)、常用方法

 //根据key取值
- (nullable id)valueForKey:(NSString *)key;                         
//根据key赋值. 
- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forKey:(NSString *)key;          
//根据keyPath取值 
- (nullable id)valueForKeyPath:(NSString*)keyPath;                   
//根据keyPath赋值
- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forKeyPath:(NSString*)keyPath;   

1.3)、使用场景

场景一:单层字典模型转化(字典转model)

[self.loginModel setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:resultDic];

场景二:(iOS黑魔法) 通过KVC拿到控件API未暴露的属性,自定义修改

例:通过KVC拿到UITextField的占位label,修改颜色

UILabel *placeholderLabel=[self.userTextField valueForKeyPath:@"placeholderLabel"];
placeholderLabel.textColor = [UIColor redColor];

场景三:valueForKeyPath多用途

1、使用valueForKeyPath可以获取数组中的最小值、最大值、平均值、求和

CGFloat sum = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat avg = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat max =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@max.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat min =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@min.floatValue"] floatValue];
2、数组内部去重(distinctUnionOfObjects)

[dataArray valueForKeyPath:@"@distinctUnionOfObjects.self"]
3、数组合并(去重合并:distinctUnionOfArrays.self、直接合并:unionOfArrays.self)

NSArray *temp1 = @[@3, @2, @2, @1];
NSArray *temp2 = @[@3, @4, @5];

NSLog(@"\n%@",[@[temp1, temp2] valueForKeyPath:@"@distinctUnionOfArrays.self"]);
NSLog(@"\n%@",[@[temp1, temp2] valueForKeyPath:@"@unionOfArrays.self"]);

输出两个数组:( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 ), ( 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )。
4、大小写转换(uppercaseString)及 打印字符串长度同样适用(length)

NSArray *array = @[@"name", @"w", @"aa", @"jimsa"];
NSLog(@"%@", [array valueForKeyPath:@"uppercaseString"]);
打印:
(NAME,W,AA,JIMSA)

这里只挑几个介绍一下,下一步等你自己实践吧

二、Runtime

2.1)、简介

runtime是一套底层的C语言API,包含很多强大实用的C语言数据类型和C语言函数,平时我们编写的OC代码,
底层都是基于runtime实现的。

作用:能动态产生、修改、删除一个类,一个成员变量,一个方法。

2.2)、常用方法

常用头文件:
#import <objc/runtime.h> 包含对类、成员变量、属性、方法的操作
#import <objc/message.h> 包含消息机制

常用方法:
class_copyIvarList()     返回一个指向类的成员变量数组的指针
class_copyPropertyList() 返回一个指向类的属性数组的指针

一般项目中使用:
利用遍历类的属性,来快速的进行归档操作。
将从后台返回的json数据进行字典模型转换。

2.3)、使用场景

1、打印所有成员变量
- (void)getMemberVariables
{
    unsigned int count = 0;
    
    //拷贝出所有的成员变量列表
    Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([UITextField class], &count);
    
    for (int i = 0; i<count; i++)
    {
        // 取出成员变量
        Ivar ivar = *(ivars + i);
        // 打印成员变量名字
        NSLog(@"%s", ivar_getName(ivar));
        // 打印成员变量的数据类型
        NSLog(@"%s", ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
    }
    //释放
    free(ivars);
}

打印成员变量结果

KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _textStorage
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @"_UICascadingTextStor
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _borderStyle
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] q
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _minimumFontSize
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] d
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _delegate
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _background
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @"UIImage"
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _disabledBackground
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @"UIImage"
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _clearButtonMode
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] q
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _leftView
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @"UIView"
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _leftViewMode
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] q
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _rightView
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @"UIView"
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _rightViewMode
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] q
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _traits
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @"UITextInputTraits"
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] _nonAtomTraits
KVC-RunTime[7226:235692] @"UITextInputTraits"
2、获取所有属性的类名
- (void)getSonClassIvar
{
    unsigned int methCount = 0;
    Method *meths = class_copyMethodList([UITextField class], &methCount);
    
    for(int i = 0; i < methCount; i++)
    {
        Method meth = meths[i];
        SEL sel = method_getName(meth);
        const char *name = sel_getName(sel);
        NSLog(@"%s", name);
    }  
    free(meths);
}

打印结果

KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] bs_setPlaceholder:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] placeholderColor
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setPlaceholderColor:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] observeValueForKeyPath:ofObje
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setProgress:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] .cxx_destruct
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] dealloc
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setAttributes:range:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setEnabled:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setDelegate:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] methodSignatureForSelector:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] forwardingTargetForSelector:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] layoutSubviews
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] _populateArchivedSubviews:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] hitTest:withEvent:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] _intrinsicSizeWithinSize:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] traitCollectionDidChange:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] _backgroundView
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] gestureRecognizerShouldBegin:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setSemanticContentAttribute:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setTextAlignment:
KVC-RunTime[7279:238641] setAttributedText:

三、Demo实现

3.1)、运用KVC实现动图效果

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
    
    UITextField *userTextField = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(30, 100, 375, 40)];
    userTextField.placeholder = @"请输入账号";
    userTextField.tag = 101;
    [userTextField addTarget:self action:@selector(textEditBegin:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingDidBegin];
    [userTextField addTarget:self action:@selector(textEditEnd:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingDidEnd];
    [self.view addSubview:userTextField];
    
    UITextField *passwordTextField = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(30, 200, 375, 40)];
    passwordTextField.placeholder = @"请输入密码";
    userTextField.tag = 102;
    [passwordTextField addTarget:self action:@selector(textEditBegin:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingDidBegin];
    [passwordTextField addTarget:self action:@selector(textEditEnd:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingDidEnd];
    [self.view addSubview:passwordTextField];
}
- (void)textEditBegin:(UITextField *)textField
{
    UILabel *label = [textField valueForKey:@"placeholderLabel"];
    label.textColor = [UIColor redColor];
}

- (void)textEditEnd:(UITextField *)textField
{
    UILabel *label = [textField valueForKey:@"placeholderLabel"];
    label.textColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
}

3.2)、运用Runtime实现动图效果

新建一个UITextField类别:

UITextField+PlaceHoderColor.h
分类内部实现:

#import "UITextField+PlaceHoderColor.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>

NSString * const placeholderColorName = @"placeholderColor";

@implementation UITextField (PlaceHoderColor)

// 需要给系统UITextField添加属性,只能使用runtime
- (void)setPlaceholderColor:(UIColor *)placeholderColor
{
    // 设置关联
    objc_setAssociatedObject(self,(__bridge const void *)(placeholderColorName), placeholderColor, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
    // 设置占位文字颜色
    UILabel *placeholderLabel = [self valueForKeyPath:@"placeholderLabel"];
    placeholderLabel.textColor = placeholderColor;
}

//返回关联
- (UIColor *)placeholderColor
{
    return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(placeholderColorName));
}

+ (void)load
{
    //获取setPlaceholder
    Method  setPlaceholder = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(setPlaceholder:));
    //获取bs_setPlaceholder
    Method  bs_setPlaceholder = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(bs_setPlaceholder:));
    //交换方法
    method_exchangeImplementations(setPlaceholder, bs_setPlaceholder);
}

// 设置占位文字,并且设置占位文字颜色
- (void)bs_setPlaceholder:(NSString *)placeholder
{
    // 1.设置占位文字
    [self bs_setPlaceholder:placeholder];
    // 2.设置占位文字颜色
    self.placeholderColor = self.placeholderColor;
}
@end

viewDidLoad于同3.1

调用分类方法:
- (void)textEditBegin:(UITextField *)textField
{
    textField.placeholderColor = [UIColor redColor];
}

- (void)textEditEnd:(UITextField *)textField
{
    textField.placeholderColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
}
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