Django 学习

2018-06-27  本文已影响7人  沧海一粟谦
Star Trek

Window 下安装 Django

如果你还未安装Python环境需要先下载Python安装包。

1、Python 下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/

2、Django 下载地址：https://www.djangoproject.com/download/

安装完成后你需要设置Python环境变量。 右击计算机->属性->高级->环境变量->修改系统变量path，添加Python安装地址

Django 安装（pip install django）

下载 Django 压缩包，解压并和Python安装目录放在同一个根目录，进入 Django 目录，执行python setup.py install，然后开始安装，Django将要被安装到 Python 的 Lib下 site-packages

然后是配置环境变量，将这几个目录添加到系统环境变量中： C:\Python33\Lib\site-packages\django;C:\Python33\Scripts

检查是否安装成功

>>> import django
>>> django.get_version()

创建第一个项目

django-admin startproject HelloWorld

创建完成后我们可以查看下项目的目录结构：

cd HelloWorld/
.
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- urls.py
|   `-- wsgi.py
`-- manage.py

目录说明：

进入 HelloWorld 目录输入以下命令，启动服务器：

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

0.0.0.0 让其它电脑可连接到开发服务器，8000 为端口号。如果不说明，那么端口号默认为 8000。在浏览器输入你服务器的ip及端口号

视图和 URL 配置

在 HelloWorld 目录下的 HelloWorld 目录新建一个 views.py 文件，并输入代码：

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
 
def hello(request):
    context ={}
    context["name"] = "C罗"
    context["age"] = "18"

    return render(request,'hello.html',context)

绑定 URL 与视图函数：

from django.urls import path
from . import views
from django.conf.urls import url
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$',views.hello),
]

在 HelloWorld 目录下创建 templates 存放页面 hello.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>python之禅</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>人生苦短，我选python</h1>
    <h2>姓名：{{name}}</h2>
    <h2>年龄：{{age}}</h2>
    <h2><a href="/add">添加</a></h2>
    <h2><a href="/list">列表</a></h2>
    <h2><a href="/img">图片</a></h2>
</body>
</html>

在 setting.py 中 配置 templates



测试


注意：项目中如果代码有改动，服务器会自动监测代码的改动并自动重新载入，所以如果你已经启动了服务器则不需手动重启。

显示上一章爬取的图片

在 template 同级新建 static/img，把图片复制进去，并在 setting.py 中配置静态文件

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS =(
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),
)

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$',views.hello),
        url(r'^img$',views.img_list),
]

views.py

def img_list(request):
    context ={}
    img_list = os.listdir("D:\\Sublime\\workplace\\day3\\django\\HelloWorld\\static\\img")
    context["img_list"] = img_list

    return render(request,'img_list.html',context)

img_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>图片列表</title>
</head>
<body>
{% for img_name in img_list %}
<img src="/static/img/{{ img_name }}" alt="some_text">
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

增删改查

views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
import os
import json
import random

def add_user(request):
    context ={}
    context["name"] = "梅西"
    context["age"] = 24

    return render(request,'add_user.html',context)


def add_one(request):
    name = request.POST["name"]
    age = request.POST["age"]

    context ={}
    context["name"] = name
    context["age"] = age

    user_list = []
    user_dict = {}
    user_dict["id"] = random.randint(0,99999)
    user_dict["name"] = name
    user_dict["age"] = age

    with open("d:\\result.json",'r') as rf:
        result_str = rf.read()

    user_list = json.loads(result_str)
    user_list.append(user_dict)

    json_str = json.dumps(user_list)
    with open("d:\\result.json",'w') as f:
        f.write(json_str)

    context["user_list"] = user_list
    return render(request,'detail.html',context)

def list(request):
    context ={}
    users = []
#   users.append("user1")
    user1 = {"id":1,"name":"梅西 ","age":30,"value":"1.2亿"}
    user2 = {"id":2,"name":"C罗 ","age":32,"value":"8千万"}
    user3 = {"id":3,"name":"内马尔 ","age":28,"value":"6千万"}
    users.append(user1)
    users.append(user2)
    users.append(user3)
    context["users"] = users

    return render(request,'list.html',context)

def remove(request):
    user_list = []
    context ={}
    user_id = request.GET["id"]
    print("删除数据的id是：%s" % user_id )

    with open("d:\\result.json",'r') as rf:
        result_str = rf.read()

    user_list = json.loads(result_str)
    i = -1
    for item in user_list:
        i+=1
        if item["id"] == int(user_id):
            del user_list[i]

    json_str = json.dumps(user_list)
    with open("d:\\result.json",'w') as wf:
        wf.write(json_str)

    context["user_list"] = user_list

    return render(request,'detail.html',context)

def edit(request):
    context = {}
    user_id = request.GET["id"]

    with open("d:\\result.json",'r') as rf:
        result_str = rf.read()

    old_user_list = json.loads(result_str)
    i = -1
    for item in old_user_list:
        i+=1
        if item["id"] == int(user_id):
            new_user_list = old_user_list[i]
    print(new_user_list)
    context["new_user_list"] = new_user_list

    return render(request,'edit.html',context)

def doedit(request):
    context ={}
    user_id = request.POST["id"]
    name = request.POST["name"]
    age = request.POST["age"]
    
    with open("d:\\result.json",'r') as rf:
        result_str = rf.read()

    user_list = json.loads(result_str)
    i = -1
    for item in user_list:
        i+=1
        if item["id"] == int(user_id):
            user_list[i]["name"] = name
            user_list[i]["age"] = age
            print(user_list[i]["name"])

    json_str = json.dumps(user_list)
    with open("d:\\result.json",'w') as wf:
        wf.write(json_str)

    context["user_list"] = user_list
    return render(request,'detail.html',context)

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$',views.hello),
    url(r'^add$',views.add_user),
    url(r'^add_one$',views.add_one),
    url(r'^list$',views.list),
    url(r'^remove$',views.remove),
    url(r'^edit$',views.edit),
    url(r'^doedit$',views.doedit),
    url(r'^find$',views.find),
    url(r'^img$',views.img_list),
]

add_user.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>添加</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h2>姓名：{{ name }}</h2>
    <h2>年龄：{{ age }}</h2>

    <form action="/add_one" method="post" name="form1">
       {% csrf_token %}
        姓名：<input type="text" name="name" value=""/>
        <br/><br/>
        年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value=""/>
        <br/><br/>
        <input type="submit" name="" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

detail.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>详情</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="/static/img/scene.png" alt="some_text">
<h2>姓名：{{ name }}</h2>
<h2>年龄：{{ age }}</h2>
<table border="1">
        <tr>
            <th>id</th>
            <th>姓名</th>
            <th>年龄</th>
        </tr>
        
        {% for user in user_list %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ user.id }}</td>
                <td>{{ user.name }}</td>
                <td>{{ user.age }}</td>
                <td><a href="/remove?id={{user.id}}">删除</a></td>
                <td><a href="/edit?id={{user.id}}">修改</a></td>
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}
    </table>
</body>
</html>

edit,html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>编辑</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/doedit" method="post" name="form2">
       {% csrf_token %}
        姓名：<input type="text" name="name" value="{{ new_user_list.name }}"/>
        <br/><br/>
        年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="{{ new_user_list.age }}"/>
        <br/><br/>
        <input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ new_user_list.id }}" >
        <input type="submit" name="" value="提交" />
    </form>

</body>
</html>
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