[技术分享] 你知道 laravel 的数据填充是什么东东嘛

很多时候我们需要在数据表里面添加很多“假数据”。或许我们单独一条条的添加，或者写方法批量的导入。今天我们给大家介绍一种laravel自带的一种‘写假数据’的方式---数据填充。

Laravel 可以用 seed 类轻松地为数据库填充测试数据。所有的 seed 类都存放在 database/seeds 目录下。你可以任意为 seed 类命名。

目录

以laravel5.5为例，默认存在UsersTableSeeder

img

编写 Seeders

通过运行 Artisan 命令来生成 Seeder。生成的 seeders 都将被放置在 database/seeds 目录下

php artisan make:seeder DatabaseSeeder

我们生成的这个DatabaseSeeder，默认只有一个方法：run。在 run 方法里你可以根据需要在数据库中插入数据。你也可以用 查询构造器 或 Eloquent模型工厂 来手动插入数据。

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        //
    }
}

查询构造器

DatabaseSeeder 类中的 run 方法中添加一条数据插入语句

    public function run()
    {
         DB::table('user')->insert([
            'name' => str_random(10),
            'email' => str_random(10).'@gmail.com',
            'password' => bcrypt('secret'),
        ]);
    }

或者添加多条数据

public function run()
    {
    foreach (range(1, 100) as $item) {
        $data[] = [
            'name' => str_random(10),
            'email' => str_random(10).'@gmail.com',
            'password' => bcrypt('secret'),
          ];
      }
        \DB::table('book')->insert($data);
    }

注意

我这里用的insert方法，也可以使用create，但是create执行的时候，因为每一次就是一条 SQL 语句。大量数据的插入会很影响速度和执行时间。相比之下insert直接，快速，一步到位。

模型工厂

手动为每个模型填充指定属性很麻烦。作为替代方案，你可以使用 模型工厂 来轻松地生成大量数据库数据。laravel5.5默认的模型工厂。

img

<?php

use Faker\Generator as Faker;

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Model Factories
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This directory should contain each of the model factory definitions for
| your application. Factories provide a convenient way to generate new
| model instances for testing / seeding your application's database.
|
*/

$factory->define(App\Model\Book::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'name' => $faker->name,
        'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
        'password' => '$2y$10$TKh8H1.PfQx37YgCzwiKb.KjNyWgaHb9cbcoQgdIVFlYg7B77UdFm', // secret
        'remember_token' => str_random(10),
    ];
});

在作为工厂定义的闭包中，你可以返回模型上所有属性的默认测试值。 闭包将接收 PHP 函数库 Faker 的一个实例，它允许你方便地生成各种随机数据进行测试。

/**
 * @property string $name
 * @method string name(string $gender = null)
 * @property string $firstName
 * @method string firstName(string $gender = null)
 * @property string $firstNameMale
 * @property string $firstNameFemale
 * @property string $lastName
 * @property string $title
 * @method string title(string $gender = null)
 * @property string $titleMale
 * @property string $titleFemale
 *
 * @property string $citySuffix
 * @property string $streetSuffix
 * @property string $buildingNumber
 * @property string $city
 * @property string $streetName
 * @property string $streetAddress
 * @property string $postcode
 * @property string $address
 * @property string $country
 * @property float  $latitude
 * @property float  $longitude
 *
 * @property string $ean13
 * @property string $ean8
 * @property string $isbn13
 * @property string $isbn10
 *
 * @property string $phoneNumber
 *
 * @property string $company
 * @property string $companySuffix
 * @property string $jobTitle
 *
 * @property string $creditCardType
 * @property string $creditCardNumber
 * @method string creditCardNumber($type = null, $formatted = false, $separator = '-')
 * @property \DateTime $creditCardExpirationDate
 * @property string $creditCardExpirationDateString
 * @property array $creditCardDetails
 * @property string $bankAccountNumber
 * @method string iban($countryCode = null, $prefix = '', $length = null)
 * @property string $swiftBicNumber
 * @property string $vat
 *
 * @property string $word
 * @property string|array $words
 * @method string|array words($nb = 3, $asText = false)
 * @property string $sentence
 * @method string sentence($nbWords = 6, $variableNbWords = true)
 * @property string|array $sentences
 * @method string|array sentences($nb = 3, $asText = false)
 * @property string $paragraph
 * @method string paragraph($nbSentences = 3, $variableNbSentences = true)
 * @property string|array $paragraphs
 * @method string|array paragraphs($nb = 3, $asText = false)
 * @property string $text
 * @method string text($maxNbChars = 200)
 *
 * @method string realText($maxNbChars = 200, $indexSize = 2)
 *
 * @property string $email
 * @property string $safeEmail
 * @property string $freeEmail
 * @property string $companyEmail
 * @property string $freeEmailDomain
 * @property string $safeEmailDomain
 * @property string $userName
 * @property string $password
 * @method string password($minLength = 6, $maxLength = 20)
 * @property string $domainName
 * @property string $domainWord
 * @property string $tld
 * @property string $url
 * @property string $slug
 * @method string slug($nbWords = 6, $variableNbWords = true)
 * @property string $ipv4
 * @property string $ipv6
 * @property string $localIpv4
 * @property string $macAddress
 *
 * @property int       $unixTime
 * @property \DateTime $dateTime
 * @property \DateTime $dateTimeAD
 * @property string    $iso8601
 * @property \DateTime $dateTimeThisCentury
 * @property \DateTime $dateTimeThisDecade
 * @property \DateTime $dateTimeThisYear
 * @property \DateTime $dateTimeThisMonth
 * @property string    $amPm
 * @property string    $dayOfMonth
 * @property string    $dayOfWeek
 * @property string    $month
 * @property string    $monthName
 * @property string    $year
 * @property string    $century
 * @property string    $timezone
 * @method string amPm($max = 'now')
 * @method string date($format = 'Y-m-d', $max = 'now')
 * @method string dayOfMonth($max = 'now')
 * @method string dayOfWeek($max = 'now')
 * @method string iso8601($max = 'now')
 * @method string month($max = 'now')
 * @method string monthName($max = 'now')
 * @method string time($format = 'H:i:s', $max = 'now')
 * @method int unixTime($max = 'now')
 * @method string year($max = 'now')
 * @method \DateTime dateTime($max = 'now', $timezone = null)
 * @method \DateTime dateTimeAd($max = 'now', $timezone = null)
 * @method \DateTime dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-30 years', $endDate = 'now')
 * @method \DateTime dateTimeInInterval($date = '-30 years', $interval = '+5 days', $timezone = null)
 * @method \DateTime dateTimeThisCentury($max = 'now', $timezone = null)
 * @method \DateTime dateTimeThisDecade($max = 'now', $timezone = null)
 * @method \DateTime dateTimeThisYear($max = 'now', $timezone = null)
 * @method \DateTime dateTimeThisMonth($max = 'now', $timezone = null)
 *
 * @property string $md5
 * @property string $sha1
 * @property string $sha256
 * @property string $locale
 * @property string $countryCode
 * @property string $countryISOAlpha3
 * @property string $languageCode
 * @property string $currencyCode
 * @property boolean $boolean
 * @method boolean boolean($chanceOfGettingTrue = 50)
 *
 * @property int    $randomDigit
 * @property int    $randomDigitNotNull
 * @property string $randomLetter
 * @property string $randomAscii
 * @method int randomNumber($nbDigits = null, $strict = false)
 * @method int|string|null randomKey(array $array = array())
 * @method int numberBetween($min = 0, $max = 2147483647)
 * @method float randomFloat($nbMaxDecimals = null, $min = 0, $max = null)
 * @method mixed randomElement(array $array = array('a', 'b', 'c'))
 * @method array randomElements(array $array = array('a', 'b', 'c'), $count = 1, $allowDuplicates = false)
 * @method array|string shuffle($arg = '')
 * @method array shuffleArray(array $array = array())
 * @method string shuffleString($string = '', $encoding = 'UTF-8')
 * @method string numerify($string = '###')
 * @method string lexify($string = '????')
 * @method string bothify($string = '## ??')
 * @method string asciify($string = '****')
 * @method string regexify($regex = '')
 * @method string toLower($string = '')
 * @method string toUpper($string = '')
 * @method Generator optional($weight = 0.5, $default = null)
 * @method Generator unique($reset = false, $maxRetries = 10000)
 * @method Generator valid($validator = null, $maxRetries = 10000)
 *
 * @method integer biasedNumberBetween($min = 0, $max = 100, $function = 'sqrt')
 *
 * @property string $macProcessor
 * @property string $linuxProcessor
 * @property string $userAgent
 * @property string $chrome
 * @property string $firefox
 * @property string $safari
 * @property string $opera
 * @property string $internetExplorer
 * @property string $windowsPlatformToken
 * @property string $macPlatformToken
 * @property string $linuxPlatformToken
 *
 * @property string $uuid
 *
 * @property string $mimeType
 * @property string $fileExtension
 * @method string file($sourceDirectory = '/tmp', $targetDirectory = '/tmp', $fullPath = true)
 *
 * @method string imageUrl($width = 640, $height = 480, $category = null, $randomize = true, $word = null, $gray = false)
 * @method string image($dir = null, $width = 640, $height = 480, $category = null, $fullPath = true, $randomize = true, $word = null)
 *
 * @property string $hexColor
 * @property string $safeHexColor
 * @property string $rgbColor
 * @property array $rgbColorAsArray
 * @property string $rgbCssColor
 * @property string $safeColorName
 * @property string $colorName
 *
 * @method string randomHtml($maxDepth = 4, $maxWidth = 4)
 *
 */

那么Seeder的写法就是这个样子

public function run()
    {
      $books = factory(\App\Model\Book::class)->times(10)->make();
      \App\Model\Book::insert($books->toArray());
    }

注意

• DatabaseSeederd 的 factory() 中的Model和 UserFactory $factory->define() Model是一致的。
• time() 方法用来控制添加数据的数量
• make() 方法创建模型 对数据库不做操作。

模型关联

两个模型具有外键的关联关系，想要同时生成。Book生成一条数据，并将id赋值Author中的book_id字段。

$factory->define(App\Model\Author::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'book_id' => function () {
            return factory(App\Model\Book::class)->create()->id;
        },
        'author' => $faker->name,
    ];
});

执行seed

// 执行seeder
php artisan db:seed

// 执行特定一个seeder
php artisan db:seed --class=DatabaseSeeder

衍生

查看数据库，我们会发现插入到信息都是英文格式

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我们可以根据修改配置文件，使它随机信息变为中文。
我们只需要在 config/app.php 添加 'faker_locale' => 'zh_CN', 即可。

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