4源码的角度分析View

2017-09-04  本文已影响0人  帝乙岩

内容:View的三大工作流程源码分析

measure过程

1.View的measure过程

    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

setMeasuredDimension方法设置宽高的测量值,看getDefaultSize:

 public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }

EXACTLY情况:getDefaultSize返回的大小就是MeasureSpec中的specSize,这个specSize就是测量后的大小。
UNSPECIFIED情况:view的大小为size,即宽高分别为getSuggestedMinimumWidth和getSuggestedMinimumHeight的返回值

    protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
    }
    protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());

    }

可以看出,如果view没有设置背景,那么view的宽度为mMinWidth,mMinWidth 对应于android:minWidth属性所指的值,
不指定默认为0。如果view指定背景,则view的宽度为max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth()),看下getMinimumWidth()方法

    public int getMinimumWidth() {
        final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
        return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
    }

getMinimumWidth()返回的就是Drawable的原始宽度,没有原始宽度则为0,例:ShapeDrawable无原始宽度,BitmapDrawable有。

    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        int widthSpaceSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int widthSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int heightSpaceSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
        int heightSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
        if ((widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
            setMeasuredDimension(mWidth,mHeight);
        }else if (heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(widthSpaceSize, mHeight);
        } else if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(mWidth, heightSpaceSize);
        } else {
        }
    }

在代码中只需要给view指定一个默认的内部宽高(mWidth,mHeight),并在wrap_content时设置即可,对于非wrap_content沿用系统的测量值即可。(可参考TextView,imageView源码)

2.ViewGroup的measure过程

 protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        final int size = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            final View child = children[i];
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    }

ViewGroup在measure时,会对每一个子元素进行measure,measureChild方法:

    protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

measureChild思想是取出子元素的LayoutParams,然后再通过getChildMeasureSpec来创建子元素的MeasureSpec,接着将MeasureSpec直接传递给View的measure方法来进行测量。

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
            measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        } else {
            measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }

看下measureVertical方法:由于有300行代码所以只看核心

 void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
            measureChildBeforeLayout(child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0,heightMeasureSpec, usedHeight);
           final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
           final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
           mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +
                       lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
        }
}

系统会遍历子元素并对每个子元素执行measureChildBeforeLayout方法,这个方法内部会调用measure方法,各个元素依次进入measure过程,系统会通过mTotalLength来存储LinearLayout在竖直方向的初步高度。每测量一个子元素mTotalLength都会增加,增加的部分主要包括了子元素的高度以及子元素在竖直方向上的margin等.当子元素测量完毕后,LinearLayout测量自己的大小:

        // Add in our padding
        mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;

        int heightSize = mTotalLength;

        // Check against our minimum height
        heightSize = Math.max(heightSize, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
        
        // Reconcile our calculated size with the heightMeasureSpec
        int heightSizeAndState = resolveSizeAndState(heightSize, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
        heightSize = heightSizeAndState & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
        ···
        setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
                heightSizeAndState);

对竖直LinearLayout而言,它在水平方向的测量过程遵循View的测量过程,在竖直方向的测量过程则和view不同。如果它的布局中高度采用的是mathch_parent或者具体数值,那么它的测量过程与view一致,即高度为specSize;如果它的布局中高度采用wrap_content,那么它的高度是所有子元素所占的高度总和,但是仍然不能超过父容器的剩余空间,它的最终高度还需要考虑其在竖直方向的padding,看源码:

       public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
        final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
        final int result;
        switch (specMode) {
            case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                if (specSize < size) {
                    result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
                } else {
                    result = size;
                }
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                result = specSize;
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            default:
                result = size;
        }
        return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
    }

measure完成后,通过getMeasureWidth/Heigth获取测量高度。在极端情况下系统多次measure才能确定最终高度,这种情况在onMeasure方法中拿到的测量宽高不准确。好的习惯是在onLayout方法中获得View的测量宽高或最终宽高。

四种解决办法:
(1)Activity/View#onWindowFocusChanged
onWindowFocusChanged方法含义:View已经初始化完毕,宽高已经准备好了,这时候获取宽高没有问题。注意:当Activty继续执行和暂停执行时,onWindowFocusChanged均会被调用,如果频繁的进行onResume和onPause,那么onWindowFocusChanged也会被频繁的调用。代码:

    public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
        super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
        if(hasFocus){
           int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
           int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
        }
    }

(2)view.post(runnable)
通过post可以将一个runnable投递到消息队列尾部,然后等待Looper调用此runnable的时候,View也已经初始化好了,代码:

    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        view.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
                int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
            }
        });
    }

(3)VeiwTreeObserver
使用VeiwTreeObserver的众多回调可以完成这个功能,比如使用
OnGlobalLayoutListener接口,当View树的状态发生改变或者View树内部的View的可见性发生改变时,onGlobalLayout方法将被回调,此时获取View的宽高。注意:伴随view树的状态改变,onGlobalLayout会被调用多次。

 protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        ViewTreeObserver observer = view.getViewTreeObserver();
        observer.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new OnGlobalLayoutListener() {

            @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
            @Override
            public void onGlobalLayout() {
                view.getViewTreeObserver().removeGlobalOnLayoutListener(this);
                int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
                int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
            }
        });
    }

(4)view.measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
手动对View进行measure来得到View的宽高。根据View的LayoutParams分情况处理:

    private void measureView() {
        int widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(100, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        int heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(100, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    }
    private void measureView() {
        int widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec((1 << 30) - 1, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
        int heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec((1 << 30) - 1, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
        view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    }

注意:(1 << 30) - 1通过分析MeasureSpec的实现可以知道,View的尺寸使用30位二进制表示,最大是30个1(即2^30-1),也就是(1 << 30) - 1,在最大化模式下,我们用View理论上能支持的最大值去构造MeasureSpec是合理的。

  private void measureView() {
        int widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec( - 1, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
        int heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(-1, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
        view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    }
 view.measure(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);

layout过程

作用是ViewGroup用来确定子元素的位置,确定后它在onLayout中遍历所有子元素并调用其layout方法,在layout方法中onLayout方法又被调用。

 public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
            onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
        }

        int oldL = mLeft;
        int oldT = mTop;
        int oldB = mBottom;
        int oldR = mRight;

        boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
                setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);

        if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
            onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
                ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
                        (ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                    listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                }
            }
        }

        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
        mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
    }

首先通过setFrame方法设定view的四个顶点的位置,即初始化 mLeft、mTop、mBottom、mRight四值,确定view在父容器中的位置;接着调用onLayout方法,这个方法的用途是父容器确定子元素的位置,实现与具体布局有关,所以View和ViewGroup没有真正实现onLayout方法。

    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
            layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
        } else {
            layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
        }
    }

layoutVertical部分代码:

  void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        ···
        final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
        ···
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
            if (child == null) {
                childTop += measureNullChild(i);
            } else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
                
                final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
                        (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
               ···
                if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
                    childTop += mDividerHeight;
                }

                childTop += lp.topMargin;
                setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
                        childWidth, childHeight);
                childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);

                i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
            }
        }
    }

setChildFrame中的Width和Height实际上就是子元素的测量宽高,
此方法会遍历所有子元素并调用setChildFrame方法为子元素指定对应位置,childTop会逐渐增大,子元素放在靠下位置。
setChildFrame调用子元素的layout方法,父元素在layout方法中完成自己的定位后,通过onLayout方法调用子元素的layout方法,子元素又会通过自己的layout方法来确定自己的位置,这样一层层传递下去就完成了整个View树的layout过程。
setChildFrame方法:

   private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {        
        child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
    }

在layout方法中会通过setFrame去设置子元素的四个顶点的位置,在setFrame中有几句赋值语句,这样子元素的位置就确定了

            mLeft = left;
            mTop = top;
            mRight = right;
            mBottom = bottom;
    public final int getWidth() {
        return mRight - mLeft;
    }
    public final int getHeight() {
        return mBottom - mTop;
    }

getWidth方法返回的是View的测量宽度。
答案:在View的默认实现中,View的测量宽高和最终宽高是相等的,区别在于测量宽高形成于View的measure过程,而最终宽高形成于View的layout过程,测量宽高的赋值时机稍微早一些。
在日常开发中可以认为View的测量宽高等于最终宽高,特殊情况下才会不同。

draw过程

View的绘制过程遵循如下几步:

    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
        final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
        final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
                (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
        mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

        /*
         * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
         * in the appropriate order:
         *
         *      1. Draw the background
         *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
         *      3. Draw view's content
         *      4. Draw children
         *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
         *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
         */

        // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
        int saveCount;

        if (!dirtyOpaque) {
            drawBackground(canvas);
        }

        // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
        boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
        boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
        if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
            // Step 3, draw the content
            if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

            // Step 4, draw the children
            dispatchDraw(canvas);

            // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
            if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
                mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
            }

            // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
            onDrawForeground(canvas);

            // we're done...
            return;
        }
        ···
    }

View绘制过程的传递是通过dispatchDraw来实现,dispatchDraw会遍历调用所有子元素的draw方法,draw事件就一层层传递下去。看下View的setWillNotDraw源码:

    /**
     * If this view doesn't do any drawing on its own, set this flag to
     * allow further optimizations. By default, this flag is not set on
     * View, but could be set on some View subclasses such as ViewGroup.
     *
     * Typically, if you override {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)}
     * you should clear this flag.
     *
     * @param willNotDraw whether or not this View draw on its own
     */
    public void setWillNotDraw(boolean willNotDraw) {
        setFlags(willNotDraw ? WILL_NOT_DRAW : 0, DRAW_MASK);
    }

注释中可以看出,如果一个view中不需要绘制任何内容,那么设置这个标记位为true以后,系统会进行相应的优化。
默认情况下view没有启动这个默认标记位,但是ViewGroup会默认启动这个优化标记位。
实际开发的意义:当我们的自定义控件继承ViewGroup并且本身不具备绘制功能时,就可以开启这个标记位便于系统进行后续的优化。当明确知道一个ViewGroup需要通过onDraw来绘制内容时,我们需要显示的关闭WILL_NOT_DRAW这个标记位。

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