基于脑机制的亲子教养（翻译四）

Being Open toYour Child: Parental States and State Regulation

对你的孩子开放：亲子状态及中枢调节

In particular, parenting rests upon the development of strong connections between our brains and our hearts.

特别指出，养育取决于我们心脑之间紧密的联系。

This brain-heart connection is based on a branch of a complicated, wandering nerve called the vagus nerve.

这种心-脑连接是基于一种复杂的、令人惊奇的神经的分支，称为迷走神经。

注：迷走神经(vagus nerve)为第10对脑神经，是脑神经中最长，分布最广的一对，含有躯体感觉纤维、内脏感觉纤维、躯体运动纤维和内脏运动纤维四种纤维成分。属于副交感神经系统，与交感神经系统拮抗性地调整人体的心率、呼吸、腺体分泌及肝、肾上腺等重要器官的血流量分布等。（来自百度百科）

The whole vagal system travels from our digestive tract all the way up to the brainstem, connecting all the regions along the way to our brains.

整个迷走神经系统从我们的消化道一直延伸到脑干，将所有分布的区域与我们的大脑连接。

This system is the basis for that part of our nervous system called the parasympathetic system.

这个系统是副交感神经系统的基础。

注：副交感神经系统（Parasympathetic Division) 是植物性神经系统的主要部分，它发自中脑、桥脑、延脑及脊髓的骶部。它的节前纤维在副交感神经节中交换神经元，然后由此发出节后纤维，至平滑肌、心肌和腺体。副交感神经节一般位于脏器附近或脏器壁内。

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system that ramps us up, increasing our heart rate when we need to be mobilized for action, such as in the defensive modes of fight and flight， the parasympathetic system is active when we are in relatively immobile states,relaxing,digesting, watching a movie, and so on.

当我们身体因某项行动被动员起来，如在战或逃的防御模式中，交感神经使我们的机警，心率增加。与之相反，当我们处于相对平静、放松的状态，或处于消化阶段，甚至看电影的时候，副交感神经就起作用了。

The bottom parts of the vagal system connect the gut to the brain and orchestrate basic relaxation, digestive processes, and the freeze/ immobilization mechanism that we can use as a defense if we encounter an inescapable, life-threatening threat.

迷走神经的底部连接内脏和大脑，调节基本的放松、消化过程和停止/抑制机制。如果我们遇到不可避免的、危及生命的威胁，我们可以用这个机制来防御。

The upper vagal system connecting the heart and lung to the brain is a more recently evolved system that only exists in mammals.

迷走神经的上部把心脏和肺连接到到大脑。这是最近进化出来的神经系统系统，只存于哺乳动物中。

This is the system that supports social interaction and makes it possible, neurologically, to connect deeply with other people rather than become defensive and attack or run from them.

迷走神经支持社会互动，并且从神经学的角度来说，迷走神经使深入连接他人，而不是防守、攻击或逃离他人成为可能。//the system 是分别指buttom还是upper vagal system，或者是统称一个vagal system

It is this upper vagal system that is essential to good parenting.

正是这种上部迷走神经系统对良好的教养至关重要。