vue templete 编译过程，optimize,gener

之前有提到，vue中的templete最后都会编译成render函数来执行，编译的过程主要由parse，optimize，generate组成，下面我们来聊聊optimize和generate

optimize，翻译成中文是优化，而optimize完成的正是优化的过程，optimize通过对节点添加标志，从而在页面重新刷新进行vnode比对时，跳过静态节点，提高性能，下面我们进入源码

export function optimize (root: ?ASTElement, options: CompilerOptions) {
  if (!root) return
  isStaticKey = genStaticKeysCached(options.staticKeys || '')
  isPlatformReservedTag = options.isReservedTag || no
  // first pass: mark all non-static nodes.
  markStatic(root)
  // second pass: mark static roots.
  markStaticRoots(root, false)
}

主要执行两个方法，markStatic和markStaticRoots，root即为通过parse阶段生成的ast抽象语法树
我们进入markStatic

function markStatic (node: ASTNode) {
  node.static = isStatic(node)
  if (node.type === 1) {
    // do not make component slot content static. this avoids
    // 1. components not able to mutate slot nodes
    // 2. static slot content fails for hot-reloading
    if (
      !isPlatformReservedTag(node.tag) &&
      node.tag !== 'slot' &&
      node.attrsMap['inline-template'] == null
    ) {
      return
    }
    for (let i = 0, l = node.children.length; i < l; i++) {
      const child = node.children[i]
      markStatic(child)
      if (!child.static) {
        node.static = false
      }
    }
    if (node.ifConditions) {
      for (let i = 1, l = node.ifConditions.length; i < l; i++) {
        const block = node.ifConditions[i].block
        markStatic(block)
        if (!block.static) {
          node.static = false
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

首先调用isStatic

function isStatic (node: ASTNode): boolean {
  if (node.type === 2) { // expression
    return false
  }
  if (node.type === 3) { // text
    return true
  }
  return !!(node.pre || (
    !node.hasBindings && // no dynamic bindings
    !node.if && !node.for && // not v-if or v-for or v-else
    !isBuiltInTag(node.tag) && // not a built-in
    isPlatformReservedTag(node.tag) && // not a component
    !isDirectChildOfTemplateFor(node) &&
    Object.keys(node).every(isStaticKey)
  ))
}

可以看到，如果node 是表达式，返回false，如果是文本节点，返回true，如果有v-for click等的属性也返回false，
然后回到markStatic，可以看到会对node的children子节点递归调用markStaic，如果子节点不是static，就会把当前节点也置为非static，
这就是markStatic的主要过程，
下面我们进入markstaticRoot

function markStaticRoots (node: ASTNode, isInFor: boolean) {
  if (node.type === 1) {
    if (node.static || node.once) {
      node.staticInFor = isInFor
    }
    // For a node to qualify as a static root, it should have children that
    // are not just static text. Otherwise the cost of hoisting out will
    // outweigh the benefits and it's better off to just always render it fresh.
    if (node.static && node.children.length && !(
      node.children.length === 1 &&
      node.children[0].type === 3
    )) {
      node.staticRoot = true
      return
    } else {
      node.staticRoot = false
    }
    if (node.children) {
      for (let i = 0, l = node.children.length; i < l; i++) {
        markStaticRoots(node.children[i], isInFor || !!node.for)
      }
    }
    if (node.ifConditions) {
      for (let i = 1, l = node.ifConditions.length; i < l; i++) {
        markStaticRoots(node.ifConditions[i].block, isInFor)
      }
    }
  }
}

可以看到，如果一个节点是static的，且他有子节点，且不是只有一个children，那就会把节点标记staticRoot，并会对子节点进行递归调用，
从而对所有节点进行标记，这就是optimize的主要内容，

编译的最后一个步骤是generate，这里是真正的生成render函数，最后返回的是一个字符串，可由new Function或eval进行执行

export function generate (
  ast: ASTElement | void,
  options: CompilerOptions
): CodegenResult {
  const state = new CodegenState(options)
  const code = ast ? genElement(ast, state) : '_c("div")'
  return {
    render: `with(this){return ${code}}`,
    staticRenderFns: state.staticRenderFns
  }
}

主要执行了genElement方法，我们进入genElement方法

export function genElement (el: ASTElement, state: CodegenState): string {
  if (el.parent) {
    el.pre = el.pre || el.parent.pre
  }

  if (el.staticRoot && !el.staticProcessed) {
    return genStatic(el, state)
  } else if (el.once && !el.onceProcessed) {
    return genOnce(el, state)
  } else if (el.for && !el.forProcessed) {
    return genFor(el, state)
  } else if (el.if && !el.ifProcessed) {
    return genIf(el, state)
  } else if (el.tag === 'template' && !el.slotTarget && !state.pre) {
    return genChildren(el, state) || 'void 0'
  } else if (el.tag === 'slot') {
    return genSlot(el, state)
  } else {
    // component or element
    let code
    if (el.component) {
      code = genComponent(el.component, el, state)
    } else {
      let data
      if (!el.plain || (el.pre && state.maybeComponent(el))) {
        data = genData(el, state)
      }

      const children = el.inlineTemplate ? null : genChildren(el, state, true)
      code = `_c('${el.tag}'${
        data ? `,${data}` : '' // data
      }${
        children ? `,${children}` : '' // children
      })`
    }
    // module transforms
    for (let i = 0; i < state.transforms.length; i++) {
      code = state.transforms[i](el, code)
    }
    return code
  }
}

可以看到，这时会根据不同的节点属性执行不同的方法，例如如果只是普通的节点会或返回一个code字符串，内容为'_c(xx'，_c这些方法是什么呢，其实这些方法都定义在辅助函数中

export function installRenderHelpers (target: any) {
  target._o = markOnce
  target._n = toNumber
  target._s = toString
  target._l = renderList
  target._t = renderSlot
  target._q = looseEqual
  target._i = looseIndexOf
  target._m = renderStatic
  target._f = resolveFilter
  target._k = checkKeyCodes
  target._b = bindObjectProps
  target._v = createTextVNode
  target._e = createEmptyVNode
  target._u = resolveScopedSlots
  target._g = bindObjectListeners
}

因为情况非常多，我们就拿v-for来举例说明一下执行过程，实例templete为<ul><li v-for="item of [1,2,3]">{{item}}</li></ul>， genFor源码

export function genFor (
  el: any,
  state: CodegenState,
  altGen?: Function,
  altHelper?: string
): string {
  const exp = el.for
  const alias = el.alias
  const iterator1 = el.iterator1 ? `,${el.iterator1}` : ''
  const iterator2 = el.iterator2 ? `,${el.iterator2}` : ''

  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    state.maybeComponent(el) &&
    el.tag !== 'slot' &&
    el.tag !== 'template' &&
    !el.key
  ) {
    state.warn(
      `<${el.tag} v-for="${alias} in ${exp}">: component lists rendered with ` +
      `v-for should have explicit keys. ` +
      `See https://vuejs.org/guide/list.html#key for more info.`,
      el.rawAttrsMap['v-for'],
      true /* tip */
    )
  }

  el.forProcessed = true // avoid recursion
  return `${altHelper || '_l'}((${exp}),` +
    `function(${alias}${iterator1}${iterator2}){` +
      `return ${(altGen || genElement)(el, state)}` +
    '})'
}

可以看到首先对templete类型的key进行了判断，如果没有，会进行警告，最后返回了一个_l作为函数名的执行函数，参数为定义的v-for值，函数内容为另一个genElement，最后整个templete返回的render函数内容为

"with(this){return _c('ul',_l(([1,2,3]),function(item){return _c('li',[_v(_s(item))])}),0)}"

最后render函数在执行时就会把_c和_l等替换成真正的函数，从而返回一个vnode，再继续完成patch，插入真实dom树完成渲染，
到现在为止，templete 编译过程已经完成。