原文链接https://www.toastmasters.org/magazine/articles/moving-forward-by-honoring-the-past

MOVING FORWARD BY HONORING THE PAST

缅怀过去，继续前进

Toastmasters Pathways reflects Ralph Smedley’s vision.

Toastmasters Pathways反映了创始人Ralph Smedley的愿景。

Pathways

Ralph C. Smedley wrote his first Toastmasters publication in 1928 to provide a small group of club members a framework for learning public speaking skills. He would be proud of the success of the education program offered by the organization today.
Ralph C. Smedley在1928年写了他的第一份演讲会出版物，为一小群俱乐部会员提供了一个学习公共演讲技巧的框架。他会为该组织今天所提供的教育项目的成功而感到骄傲。

It was with the same goal of member support that Toastmasters Pathways development team designed Toastmasters Pathways using the most current research in adult learning. The focus on the future was important, but it wasn’t the only consideration. We also looked back to the origins of Toastmasters and the vision of its founder.
正是出于对会员支持的共同目标，Toastmasters Pathways开发团队利用成人学习的最新研究成果，设计了Toastmasters Pathways。对未来的关注很重要，但这不是唯一的考虑因素。我们也回顾了Toastmasters的起源和创始人的愿景。

In developing Pathways, much time was spent reviewing current educational content. The team wanted to be sure the wisdom in the current program and Smedley’s vision continued on—wellplaced and relevant in the new program. In an effort to understand the full intent of the current manuals, we took the time to review Smedley’s original writing.
在开发Pathways的过程中，很多时间都花在回顾当前的教育内容上。该团队希望确保当前项目中的智慧和Smedley的愿景在新项目中继续保持良好的位置和相关性。为了理解当前手册的全部意图，我们花了一些时间来回顾Smedley的原稿。

With a great deal of pleasure, we discovered how well Smedley’s view of the education program was aligned with the organization’s vision for Pathways. First and foremost, the new education program is for and about you, the member. At its core, it is designed to develop members’ public speaking skills. It is also focused on helping you identify and nourish other, possibly latent, skills and talents.
我们非常高兴地发现，Smedley对教育体系的看法与该组织对Pathways的愿景非常一致。首先，这个新的教育体系是为会员而设的。它的核心是培养会员的公开演讲技能。它还专注于帮助你识别和培养其他潜在的技能和才能。

Smedley believed that by building and practicing public speaking skills, other skills would be uncovered and developed. His hope for all Toastmasters members was that they would go on in their lives with enhanced confidence and leadership, thinking and listening skills. To this end, he included very few parameters around the projects in his manual. His view appears to be that the work of developing topics, speeches and the content belonged to the member.
Smedley相信，通过培养和练习公众演讲技能，其他技能也会得到发掘和发展。他对所有Toastmasters会员的希望是，他们将继续他们的生活，增强信心和领导能力，思考和倾听的技能。为此，他在他的手册中只包含了很少的项目参数。他的观点似乎是，制定主题、发言和内容的工作属于会员。

"With a great deal of pleasure, we discovered how well Smedley’s view of the education program was aligned with the organization’s vision for Pathways."

“ 我们非常高兴地发现，Smedley对教育项目的看法与该组织对Pathways的愿景非常一致。”

This view is reflected in his earliest evaluations, called Criticisms. These evaluations addressed questions relating to the topic of each speech, such as, was it relevant? Did the member communicate the intended message? It wasn’t enough to put together a speech, it had to be a welldesigned, relevant speech to succeed and score well on the established evaluation of the day.
这一观点反映在他最早的评价中，称为《批评》。这些评估处理了与演讲主题相关的问题，比如，它是否相关? 会员是否传达了他们想要传达的信息? 仅仅组织一场演讲是不够的，它必须是一场精心设计的、相关的演讲，才能成功，并在当天的备稿评估中获得高分。

Shifting Views 观念变迁
Over time, many of the original tenets of the first Toastmasters evaluations and speeches were changed to accommodate shifting views on learning and to encourage members to participate in a clear, well-defined program. The original 12 projects, or topics as Smedley called them, ultimately became the Competent Communication manual. Higher level skills were moved into advanced manuals.
随着时间的推移，许多最初的国际演讲会评估和演讲的原则都改变了，以适应学习观念的转变，并鼓励会员参与一个清晰、定义明确的计划。最初的12个项目，或者如Smedley所称的主题，最终成为《胜任沟通》手册。更高层次的技能被转化为高阶手册。

With so much research available today about adult learning and the way we process new information and develop skills, it became clear that Smedley’s first take on how skills would be developed was correct; the more open ended and comprehensive the project could be, the more likely members were to feel a sense of ownership while developing their speeches and the more they would gain.
今天有这么多关于成人学习以及我们处理新信息和培养技能的方式的研究，很明显，Smedley关于如何培养技能的第一个观点是正确的；项目越开放、越全面，会员们就越有可能在发展自己的演讲时产生一种归属感，他们也会收获更多。

To fulfill the goal of building confidence and speaking skills and to provide members with the opportunity to practice listening, speaking, interpersonal communication and leadership, the projects in Pathways were designed with flexibility and challenges in place. As with the current education program, support will be provided to all members within their clubs as they face challenges and develop skills.
为实现建立信心和说话技巧的目标，并为会员提供练习听、说、人际沟通和领导能力的机会，pathway的项目设计灵活，具有挑战性。与目前的教育项目一样，当俱乐部内的所有会员面临挑战及发展技能时，将提供支持。

The projects themselves represent a paradigm shift in how we view the support an education program can provide. In recent years, support in the manuals included information such as topic suggestions along with smaller-scale, shorter-term projects. Though each of these things can be effective, they are not ideal to encourage and support member growth.
这些项目本身代表了我们如何看待教育项目所能提供的支持的范式转变。近年来，手册中的支持包括主题建议等信息，以及规模较小、期限较短的项目。尽管这些措施都是有效的，但对于鼓励和支持成员增长来说并不理想。

The support provided in Pathways is about tools. Tools for outlining speeches, tools for organizing content, and—when members move into higher level projects— tools for completing large projects and building leadership skills.
Pathways提供的支持是关于工具的。概述演讲大纲的工具，组织内容的工具，当成员进入更高层次的项目时，完成大型项目和培养领导技能的工具。

Public speaking and leadership are not separate and disparate skills. They are, as Smedley viewed them, combined and integrated into the development of confidence. In the projects that make up Pathways, once confidence begins to grow, then members move into a broader and more complex system to apply what they have learned. One of the development team’s greatest hopes is that members will begin to see themselves as capable of taking on larger, more complex projects by succeeding in the Toastmasters environment of safety and support.
演讲和领导能力并不是分开的、完全不同的技能。正如Smedley所认为的那样，它们结合在一起，融入了信心的发展。在构成Pathways的项目中，一旦信心开始增长，成员们就会进入一个更广泛、更复杂的系统，应用他们所学到的知识。开发团队最大的希望之一是，成员们将开始认识到，通过在Toastmasters的安全和支持环境中取得成功，他们有能力承担更大、更复杂的项目。

Once members achieve success in their clubs, they can transfer those skills out into the world–into their Toastmasters districts, other organizations, the workplace, their personal relationships, even politics and government. It was Smedley’s hope that members would parlay what they learn in their clubs out into their communities.
一旦会员在他们的俱乐部取得成功，他们就可以把这些技能传授给世界各地的演讲会大区、其他组织、工作场所、他们的个人关系、甚至政治和政府。Smedley希望会员们能把他们在俱乐部学到的东西运用到社区中去。

The Value of Lifelong Learning 终身学习的价值
Another of the most important points of view that the developers share with Smedley is a strong belief in lifelong learning. It isn’t enough, and never has been, to complete a few public speeches and be done. This fact made Smedley reluctant to develop content around his lessons. The new education program demonstrates a commitment to lifelong learning by offering a broad spectrum of projects with many different topics to keep members engaged over time and through changes in individual needs and goals.
开发人员与Smedley分享的另一个最重要的观点是终身学习的坚定信念。完成几次公开演讲并完成它是不够的，而且从来都是不够的。这一事实使Smedley不愿意围绕他的课程编写内容。新的教育项目体系通过提供广泛的项目，包括许多不同的主题，通过个人需求和目标的变化，让会员参与到学习中来，体现了终身学习的承诺。

As responsibilities change and shift in life and career, our needs change as well. Members who join Toastmasters to practice public speaking so they can feel confident giving a toast at a family member’s wedding may find that over time, they want to speak to a less familiar audience. Some members have a particular talent they would like to share on a broader scale by speaking, posting to a blog or developing a podcast. Toastmasters has always provided a place for members to try new things.
随着生活和事业中责任的改变和转变，我们的需求也随之改变。参加Toastmasters的会员练习公开演讲，这样他们在家人的婚礼上做祝酒词时就会有自信，但随着时间的推移，他们会发现自己想对不太熟悉的听众讲话。有些会员有一种特殊的才能，他们想通过演讲、在博客上发帖或开发播客在更广泛的范围内分享。演讲会总是为会员提供一个尝试新事物的地方。

This commitment to personal growth and development continues with Pathways.
这种对个人成长和发展的承诺将继续与Pathways合作。

There are many unique projects and paths designed around specialized goals, such as conflict resolution and change management. Though the topics and challenges are different, the goal is the same. All projects include public speaking. Many projects provide an opportunity for members to practice interpersonal communication and leadership when they choose. It is open, as it has always been, for members to select and design their learning.
有许多围绕特定目标设计的独特项目和路径，例如冲突解决和变更管理。虽然主题和挑战不同，但目标是一样的。所有项目都包括公开演讲。当他们选择的时候，许多项目为会员提供了一个练习人际沟通和领导能力的机会。它是开放的，一如既往，让会员选择和设计他们的学习。

As Smedley knew in the earliest days of the organization, members need to have full ownership of their learning and their progress to be successful. He understood that he could offer a small inkling of what members could do, but in the end, they would forge their own paths. The more time spent among Toastmasters developing skills and practicing, the more members gain in confidence and ability.
正如Smedley 在组织成立之初所知道的那样，会员需要对自己的学习和进步有充分的自主权，才能取得成功。他知道自己可以为会员们提供一点建议，但最终，他们会开辟自己的道路。花更多的时间在演讲会的技能和练习上，会员获得更多的信心和能力。

The development of the content in Pathways is the next step forward in Toastmasters learning, but it is anchored in the first, most important beliefs and understanding of our founder:
Pathways课程内容的发展是Toastmasters学习的下一步，但它植根于我们创始人最重要的信念和理解:

"In the course of years, as we gained experience, it was seen that our processes had values far beyond the mere training of people to face audiences and speak their ideas. Communication was seen to have its effects in almost every phase of life. Improvement was needed not only in public speaking, but in all use of words, whether spoken or written. Training in speech had definite values in many lines of improvement.

“多年来，随着我们积累了经验，我们发现我们的过程远不止训练人们面对听众并表达他们的想法那么简单。人们认为，沟通几乎对生命的每个阶段都有影响。不仅在公共演讲方面需要改进，而且在所有的使用语言方面，无论是口头的还是书面的。演讲中获得的训练对许多方面的提升都有明确的价值。

Some of these may be listed thus: It leads to the discovery of hidden abilities, bringing these latent talents into use, and thus enriching the individual’s life. It broadens the person’s conception of how to live with people. It helps in the integration of personality. It brings out for use the leadership traits and abilities, and thus helps to prepare the individual to be a leader.

其中一些可以这样列出：它引导发现潜能，使这些潜能得到利用，从而丰富个人的生活。它拓宽了人们如何与人相处的观念。它有助于人格的整合。它激发出领导的特质和能力，从而帮助个人准备成为一个领导者。

It opens the way to more creative and constructive living for the person who takes full advantage of the opportunities offered."

它为充分利用所提供的机会的人打开了一条更有创造性和建设性的生活之路

Ralph C. Smedley

SUE STANLEY is senior instructional designer for Toastmasters International.
SUE STANLEY 是国际演讲会的高级教学设计师