路由的简单实现
2020-05-24 本文已影响0人
心大的少年
现在前端的三大框架，无论是vue、react或者是angular，他们都有自己的路由，一般都是分为hash和history（h5）模式,通过这两种方式做到改变页面内容而不刷新页面的效果。
hash模式利用到的是hashchange和window.location.hash = hash
而hsitory模式则是利用的h5的新特性pushState(可以把跳转推到历史记录当中)或者replaceState（直接替换当前记录）结合popstate事件操作，hash路由实现起来要比history简单一些
hash路由的api兼容性比较好（ie8都兼容），所以需要考虑ie兼容的小伙伴做项目的的时候可以选择使用hashRouter，但是看起来比较丑，http://ip:port/#hash
// css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
html, body, .container{
height: 100%;
}
.container {
display:flex;
}
.menu {
width: 200px;
border-right: 1px solid #222;
}
#router-view {
flex: 1;
}
// html
<div class="container">
<div class="menu">
<ul class="router" id="router">
<li data-router="/eat">吃饭</li>
<li data-router="/eat/c">吃饭c</li>
<li data-router="/sleep">睡觉</li>
<li data-router="/game">打游戏</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="router-view"></div>
</div>
hash路由的实现
class Router {
constructor(options) {
this.router = options.router;
this.list = options.list;
this.mode = options.mode;
this.view = document.querySelector('#router-view');
this.addEvent(); // 使用事件委托绑定事件，获取到自定义在html上面的path
if (this.mode === 'hash') {
this.hashChange();
} else {
// 用来写history路由的变化
}
this.complier();
}
addEvent() {
document.querySelector('#router').addEventListener('click', (event) => {
let path = event.target.getAttribute('data-router');
this.setUrl(path.slice(1));
})
}
hashChange() {
window.addEventListener('hashchange', () => {
this.complier();
})
}
complier() {
let hash = '';
if (this.mode === 'hash') hash = window.location.hash.slice(1).split('/') // 获取子路由
let components = '';
this.router.forEach(item => {
if (item.path === hash[0]) {
if (hash.length === 1) {
components = item.components;
} else {
item.childrens.forEach($item => {
if (`${hash[0]}/${hash[1]}` === `${item.path}${$item.path}`) components = $item.components;
})
}
} else if (hash[0] === '') {
components = this.router[0].path === '/' ? this.router[0].components : '默认';
}
});
this.view.innerHTML = components; // 把值设置到自己定义的view区域
}
setUrl (path) {
if (this.mode === 'hash') {
window.location.hash = `#${path}` // 把hash值设置到地址栏中
}
}
}
new Router({
list: 'router',
mode: 'history',
router: [
{path: '/', components: '<div>默认</div>'},
{path: 'eat', components: '<div>吃饭</div>', childrens: [{path: '/c', components: '<div>吃饭c</div>',}]},
{path: 'sleep', components: '<div>睡觉</div>'},
{path: 'game', components: '<div>打游戏</div>'}
]
});
history
history需要有服务器的情况下才能使用，不然会报错Uncaught DOMException: Failed to execute 'pushState' on 'History': A history state object with URL，只需要开一个本地服务就好了，本地服务可以使用http-server,比较简单方便
constructor(options) {
this.historyHref = ''; // 记录当前的url
this.baseUrl = window.location.href; // 记录整个网址，因为pushState会把url最后一个/后的内容替换掉
if (this.mode === 'hash') {
this.hashChange();
} else {
this.historyChange();
}
}
// history只需要修改设置url还有对前进后退的监听
setUrl (path) {
if (this.mode === 'hash') {
window.location.hash = `#${path}`
} else {
this.historyHref = `/${path}`;
const lastParams = this.baseUrl.split('/').length > 0 ? this.baseUrl.split('/')[this.baseUrl.split('/').length - 1] : '';
this.complier();
// {path: `/${path}`} 后面onpopstate的时候可以拿到当前的路径，这样赋给historyHref就能匹配到对应的页面
window.history.pushState({path: `/${path}`}, '', `/${lastParams}/${path}`);
}
}
// history模式下对地址栏的修改的监听就需要用到popstate
historyChange() {
const history = window.history;
this.historyHref = this.historyHref || '/';
window.onpopstate = event => {
// event.state === null 如果为空了说明退到了初始页面
this.historyHref = event.state === null ? '/' : event.state.path;
this.complier();
};
}
完整代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
html, body, .container{
height: 100%;
}
.container {
display:flex;
}
.menu {
width: 200px;
border-right: 1px solid #222;
}
#router-view {
flex: 1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="menu">
<ul class="router" id="router">
<li data-router="/eat">吃饭</li>
<li data-router="/eat/c">吃饭c</li>
<li data-router="/sleep">睡觉</li>
<li data-router="/game">打游戏</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="router-view"></div>
</div>
<script>
class Router {
constructor(options) {
this.router = options.router;
this.list = options.list;
this.mode = options.mode;
this.historyHref = '';
this.baseUrl = window.location.href;
this.view = document.querySelector('#router-view');
this.addEvent();
if (this.mode === 'hash') {
this.hashChange();
} else {
this.historyChange();
}
this.complier();
}
addEvent() {
document.querySelector('#router').addEventListener('click', (event) => {
let path = event.target.getAttribute('data-router');
this.setUrl(path.slice(1));
})
}
hashChange() {
window.addEventListener('hashchange', () => {
this.complier();
})
}
historyChange() {
const history = window.history;
this.historyHref = this.historyHref || '/';
window.onpopstate = (event) => {
this.historyHref = event.state === null ? '/' : event.state.path;
this.complier();
};
}
complier() {
let hash = '';
if (this.mode === 'hash') hash = window.location.hash.slice(1).split('/')
else {
let split = this.historyHref.split('/');
split.splice(0, 1);
hash = split;
}
let components = '';
this.router.forEach(item => {
if (item.path === hash[0]) {
if (hash.length === 1) {
components = item.components;
} else {
item.childrens.forEach($item => {
if (`${hash[0]}/${hash[1]}` === `${item.path}${$item.path}`) components = $item.components;
})
}
} else if (hash[0] === '') {
components = this.router[0].path === '/' ? this.router[0].components : '默认';
}
});
this.view.innerHTML = components;
}
setUrl (path) {
if (this.mode === 'hash') {
window.location.hash = `#${path}`
} else {
this.historyHref = `/${path}`;
const lastParams = this.baseUrl.split('/').length > 0 ? this.baseUrl.split('/')[this.baseUrl.split('/').length - 1] : '';
this.complier();
window.history.pushState({path: `/${path}`}, '', `/${lastParams}/${path}`);
}
}
}
new Router({
list: 'router',
mode: 'history',
router: [
{path: '/', components: '<div>默认</div>'},
{path: 'eat', components: '<div>吃饭</div>', childrens: [{path: '/c', components: '<div>吃饭c</div>',}]},
{path: 'sleep', components: '<div>睡觉</div>'},
{path: 'game', components: '<div>打游戏</div>'}
]
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
这样就完成了一个简单的包含hash和history的路由，有些不完善的地方，如果看到了希望能指出来，谢谢
