图解RxJava(二)

2018-02-12  本文已影响0人  cowboy3000

概述

在 RxJava 中可以通过 subscribeOn/observeOn 很方便地完成上下游指定线程的切换,日常开发除了一些常用的Rx 操作符外,这两个方法也是打交道最多的。最初学习 RxJava 的时候总是死记硬背:subscribeOn 用于指定上游线程,observeOn 用于指定下游线程,多次用 subscribeOn 指定上游线程只有第一次有效,多次用 observeOn 指定下次线程,每次都有效…很久不用之后,总是把这两个方法搞混,那么这两个方法内部是怎么实现的呢?本篇先分析subscribeOn 方法。

例子

先回顾上篇文章的流程,饭店(Observable)开张前提要有厨师(ObservableOnSubscribe),接着改名叫沙县小吃(ObservableCreate),饭店接客(Observable.subscribe(observer)),创建服务员(CreateEmitter)把顾客和厨师关联起来,之后厨师每做一道菜都通过服务员端给顾客,整个流程如下:

](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i7125608/e0656a14ab601797.gif?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip)](http://7xjvg5.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/rxjava2_01.gif)

我们都知道 Andriod 有主线程,在未指定线程切换操作的情况下,上图的流程是跑在主线程中,另外主线程中往往还存在其他任务需要执行,所以结合线程来看应该是这样的

image

上图给人一种感觉,好像厨师的菜是「秒做」出来的,然而我们都知道现实生活中厨师做菜是需要时间的,在安卓中,主线程执行耗时操作会阻塞后续的任务,还有可能引起 ANR,所以厨师做菜的操作不能放在主线程中 。下面让上游睡5秒模拟耗时操作

上游:

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final Observable<String> source = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {

        @Override

        public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> e) throws Exception {

            Thread.sleep(5000);

            Log.e(TAG, "服务员从厨师那取得 扁食" + " 线程名: "+Thread.currentThread().getName());

            e.onNext("扁食");

            Log.e(TAG, "服务员从厨师那取得 拌面" + " 线程名: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

            e.onNext("拌面");

            Log.e(TAG, "服务员从厨师那取得 蒸饺" + " 线程名: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

            e.onNext("蒸饺");

            Log.e(TAG, "厨师告知服务员菜上好了" + " 线程名: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

            e.onComplete();

        }

    });

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</figure>

下游:

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Observer<String> observer = new Observer<String>() {

        @Override

        public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {

            Log.d(TAG, "来个沙县套餐!!!" + " 线程名: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

        }

        @Override

        public void onNext(String s) {

            Log.d(TAG, "服务员端给顾客  " + s + " 线程名: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

        }

        @Override

        public void onError(Throwable e) {

        }

        @Override

        public void onComplete() {

            Log.d(TAG, "服务员告诉顾客菜上好了" + " 线程名: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

        }

    };

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</figure>

建立联系,以及执行其他任务(这里只是打了个 log )

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source.subscribe(observer);

Log.d(TAG, "其他任务执行");

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</figure>

打印如下:

image

可以看到,由于上游耗时,导致主线程中「其他任务」被阻塞了,因此需要新建一个子线程来处理上游的耗时任务,使用 RxJava 的 subscribeOn 就能轻松实现,修改代码:

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source.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())

            .subscribe(observer);

Log.e(TAG, "其他任务执行");

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</figure>

打印如下:

image

此时「其他任务」不会被阻塞。从上面的 log 可以看到,创建了 RxNewThreadScheduler-1 的子线程来执行上游的耗时任务,并且此时下游除 onSubscribe 外,所有方法都执行在子线程中,它是怎么做到的?(通常情况下游会调用 observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) 来更新UI,下篇分析)。

源码分析

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source.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())

            .subscribe(observer);

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</figure>

上面的代码简短优雅,其实做了很多事情。基于上篇的分析,在执行完 Observable.create 和 new Observer 后此时主线程应该是下面的样子

image

Schedulers.newThread()

Scheduler 翻译为调度器,RxJava2 中 Scheduler 的一些常用子类如下:

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static final class SingleHolder {

static final Scheduler DEFAULT = new SingleScheduler();

}

static final class ComputationHolder {

static final Scheduler DEFAULT = new ComputationScheduler();

}

static final class IoHolder {

static final Scheduler DEFAULT = new IoScheduler();

}

static final class NewThreadHolder {

static final Scheduler DEFAULT = new NewThreadScheduler();

}

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</figure>

Schedulers.newThread() 会初始化 NewThreadScheduler ;

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public final class NewThreadScheduler extends Scheduler {

final ThreadFactory threadFactory;

//看着很眼熟,原来我们上游的线程名称的一部分就是这么起的"RxNewThreadScheduler-1"

private static final String THREAD_NAME_PREFIX = "RxNewThreadScheduler";

//线程工厂

private static final RxThreadFactory THREAD_FACTORY;

/** The name of the system property for setting the thread priority for this Scheduler. */

//用来设置线程优先级的key

private static final String KEY_NEWTHREAD_PRIORITY = "rx2.newthread-priority";

//静态代码块

static {

    //确定线程的优先级,这里初始化为5 NORM_PRIORITY

    int priority = Math.max(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY, Math.min(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY,

            Integer.getInteger(KEY_NEWTHREAD_PRIORITY, Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)));

    //初始化线程工厂,传入线程名称和优先级

    THREAD_FACTORY = new RxThreadFactory(THREAD_NAME_PREFIX, priority);

}

//赋值

public NewThreadScheduler() {

    this(THREAD_FACTORY);

}

//赋值

public NewThreadScheduler(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {

    this.threadFactory = threadFactory;

}

@NonNull

@Override

//这个方法很重要,很重要,很重要!!!后面会用到

public Worker createWorker() {

    return new NewThreadWorker(threadFactory);

}

}

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上面的注释已经解释得很清楚了,在初始化 NewThreadScheduler 的时候会创建 RxThreadFactory,并指明了该线程工厂之后生产线程的名称和默认优先级;RxThreadFactory 是 ThreadFactory 的子类,也没多少代码

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public RxThreadFactory(String prefix, int priority) {

this(prefix, priority, false);

}

public RxThreadFactory(String prefix, int priority, boolean nonBlocking) {

this.prefix = prefix;

this.priority = priority;

this.nonBlocking = nonBlocking;

}

@Override

//生产新线程的方法!!!

public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {

StringBuilder nameBuilder = new StringBuilder(prefix).append('-').append(incrementAndGet());

String name = nameBuilder.toString();

Thread t = nonBlocking ? new RxCustomThread(r, name) : new Thread(r, name);

t.setPriority(priority);

t.setDaemon(true);

return t;

}

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</figure>

RxThreadFactory 中的 newThread 方法用来生产新线程。Schedulers.newThread() 到此就完成了它的工作,总结下来就是:

1.创建线程调度器 NewThreadScheduler;

2.创建线程工厂 RxThreadFactory ;

到目前为止这些操作都是在主线程中执行的,子线程还未被创建。

image

subscribeOn(Scheduler scheduler)

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public final Observable<T> subscribeOn(Scheduler scheduler) {

ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(scheduler, "scheduler is null");

return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableSubscribeOn<T>(this, scheduler));

}

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</figure>

该方法返回 Observable ,创建了 ObservableSubscribeOn ,名字起得又很容易让人头晕…这里就不画关系图了,只关心它的属性即可,它是 Observable(饭店) 的子类,结合我们举的例子,就给它起名黄焖鸡饭店;this 就是上面传过来的沙县小吃(ObservableCreate) ;初始化如下:

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public final class ObservableSubscribeOn<T> extends AbstractObservableWithUpstream<T, T> {

final Scheduler scheduler;

public ObservableSubscribeOn(ObservableSource<T> source, Scheduler scheduler) {

    super(source);

    this.scheduler = scheduler;

}

//省略其他代码

}

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</figure>

目前为止这些操作都是在主线程中执行,子线程还未创建

image

subscribe(Observer observer)

通过上篇学习可知,subscribe(observer) 内部会调用 subscribeActual(observer) ,该方法是个抽象方法,具体实现在 Observable(饭店) 的子类,现在是 ObservableSubscribeOn(黄焖鸡饭店)。

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public void subscribeActual(final Observer<? super T> s) {

//注释1

final SubscribeOnObserver<T> parent = new SubscribeOnObserver<T>(s);

//注释2

s.onSubscribe(parent);

//注释3

parent.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleDirect(new SubscribeTask(parent)));

}

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</figure>

注释1 又冒出来一个 SubscribeOnObserver,同样只关心它的属性,SubscribeOnObserver 是AtomicReference的子类(保证原子性),同时实现了 Observer(也是个顾客) 和 Disposable(保证一次性操作) 接口;为了方便理解,假设之前传的顾客叫小明,这里的顾客叫小红,小红会持有小明的引用(actual),之后一系列的方法实际上会调用到小明的方法。

注释2 执行顾客小明的 onSubscribe 方法,我们发现到目前为止还没有创建过子线程,所以解释了上面 log 下游 onSubscribe 打印线程名为 main。

image

注释3 分为下面3步

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           步骤③                    步骤②             步骤①

parent.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleDirect(new SubscribeTask(parent)));

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</figure>

步骤① SubscribeTask 是 ObservableSubscribeOn(黄焖鸡饭店) 的内部类,实现了 Runnable 接口

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final class SubscribeTask implements Runnable {

private final SubscribeOnObserver<T> parent;

SubscribeTask(SubscribeOnObserver<T> parent) {

    this.parent = parent;

}

@Override

public void run() {

    //这里的 source 就是之前传的 ObservableCreate(沙县小吃)

    source.subscribe(parent);

}

}

</pre>

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</figure>

如果 run 方法被触发,那么执行顺序是:

Observable.subscribe() —> Observable.subscribeActual() —> ObservableCreate.subscribeActual(),绕了一圈又回到上篇的那个流程。为了方便理解,SubscribeTask 就是黄焖鸡饭店(ObservableSubscribeOn)的「任务」也就是沙县小吃的「做菜」(ObservableCreate.subscribeActual)。所以现在万事具备,只差子线程了。

步骤② Scheduler.scheduleDirect()

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/**

*/

//这里调度的时候不保证顺序

//第二个参数为0,不延时,直接调度

@NonNull

public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run) {

return scheduleDirect(run, 0L, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);

}

</pre>

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</figure>

注意这个方法的注释,该方法调度的时候不保证顺序,所以平时在配合使用 subscribeOn(子线程)/observeOn(主线程) 会出现上下游输出顺序不确定的情况(比如有时候上游生产了3个后才逐个发送给下游,有时上游生产了2个,就开始发送给下游),这也是多线程的一个特点。当然这里不会出现这个情况,因为从输出来看,此时上下游都在一个子线程里。貌似跑远了…继续分析

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public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run, long delay, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {

final Worker w = createWorker();

final Runnable decoratedRun = RxJavaPlugins.onSchedule(run);

DisposeTask task = new DisposeTask(decoratedRun, w);

w.schedule(task, delay, unit);

return task;

}

// Scheduler 中为抽象方法

public abstract Worker createWorker();

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</figure>

前面创建 NewThreadScheduler 的时候说 createWorker() 方法很重要,这里派上用场了:

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//NewThreadScheduler.java

public Worker createWorker() {

return new NewThreadWorker(threadFactory);

}

//NewThreadWorker.java

public NewThreadWorker(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {

    //实例化 ScheduledExecutorService 对象 executor 管理线程池

    executor = SchedulerPoolFactory.create(threadFactory);

}

//SchedulerPoolFactory.java

public static ScheduledExecutorService create(ThreadFactory factory) {

//默认线程池大小为1

final ScheduledExecutorService exec = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1, factory);

if (exec instanceof ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor) {

    ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor e = (ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor) exec;

    POOLS.put(e, exec);

}

return exec;

}

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</figure>

NewThreadWorker 内部维护一个线程池 ScheduledExecutorService , 主要作用是提供延时调度和周期性调度,默认线程池大小为1,线程池里的线程通过我们传的线程工厂创建。

image

之后把 NewThreadWorker 和步骤①中的任务包装成 DisposeTask,又是一个Runnable

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public void run() {

//注意这里会获取当前所在线程

runner = Thread.currentThread();

try {

    //在当前线程中执行

    decoratedRun.run();

} finally {

    //执行完后断开

    dispose();

    runner = null;

}

}

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</figure>

最后会执行 NewThreadWorker.schedule 方法

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public Disposable schedule(@NonNull final Runnable action, long delayTime, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {

if (disposed) {

    return EmptyDisposable.INSTANCE;

}

return scheduleActual(action, delayTime, unit, null);

}

public Disposable scheduleDirect(final Runnable run, long delayTime, TimeUnit unit) {

ScheduledDirectTask task = new ScheduledDirectTask(RxJavaPlugins.onSchedule(run));

try {

    Future<?> f;

    //不延时,直接调度

    if (delayTime <= 0L) {

        //此时任务执行在子线程中

        f = executor.submit(task);

    } else {

        f = executor.schedule(task, delayTime, unit);

    }

    task.setFuture(f);

    return task;

} catch (RejectedExecutionException ex) {

    RxJavaPlugins.onError(ex);

    return EmptyDisposable.INSTANCE;

}

}

</pre>

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</figure>

到这里终于看到任务(ObservableCreate.subscribeActual)执行在子线程中。

步骤③ parent.setDisposable 设置可中断。至此流程如下

image

之后所有的事情都是在子线程中进行的,上篇已经分析过了

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protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super T> observer) {

//创建服务员,并和顾客联系,这里的顾客是小红

CreateEmitter<T> parent = new CreateEmitter<T>(observer);

//执行顾客小红的的 onSubscribe ,注意这里不会再回调顾客小明的onSubscribe

//因为顾客小红的 onSubscribe 中只是将接收事件的行为设置成一次性,并没有回调小明方法

observer.onSubscribe(parent);

try {

    //厨师做菜,并和服务员联系

    source.subscribe(parent);

} catch (Throwable ex) {

    Exceptions.throwIfFatal(ex);

    parent.onError(ex);

}

}

</pre>

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</figure>

后续还有:服务员端菜(CreateEmitter.onNext) —> 顾客小红拿到菜(SubscribeOnObserver.onNext) —> 顾客小明拿到菜(Observer.onNext),模拟如下:

image

多次subscribeOn

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source.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())

    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())

    .subscribe(observer);

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</figure>

上面我先把任务从一个线程切换到另一个线程,但是只有最先指定的有效(可以用 io 线程更容易看出差别),这是为啥呢?通过上面的分析我们知道,subscribeOn() 每次会返回一个 Observable ,为了方便理解,把先指定返回的Observable 叫黄焖鸡1号店,后指定返回的 Observable 叫黄焖鸡2号店,第一个 subscribeOn() 执行:

image

黄焖鸡1号店创建的时候会持有沙县小吃的引用,接着第二个 subscribeOn() 执行:

image

黄焖鸡2号店创建的时候会持有黄焖鸡1号店的引用,接着执行 subscribe(observer) 方法,会先调用黄焖鸡2号店的 subscribeActual() 方法:

image

接着调用黄焖鸡2号店的 subscribeActual() 方法 :

image

可以看到此时黄焖鸡1号店的 Worker 和小红是创建在子线程2的,并在子线程2中把当前线程切到了新的线程,后面的操作就和上面一样了,这就是为啥多次通过 subscribeOn 指定线程,只有最先指定的有效。

最后

多次用 subscribeOn 指定上游线程真的只有第一次有效吗?其实不然,具体可以看Dávid Karnok 的这篇博客,其中涉及到一些 Rx 操作符操作,本篇只是介绍 subscribeOn 的使用和原理,就不引入其他内容,mark 下日后再捡起来看。

感谢

When multiple subscribeOn()s do have effect

SubscribeOn and ObserveOn

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