Runtime
oc对象
OC类对象元类对象编译后的结构如下结构体
struct objc_class : objc_object {
// Class ISA;
Class superclass;
cache_t cache; // formerly cache pointer and vtable
class_data_bits_t bits; // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
class_rw_t *data() {
return bits.data();
}
}
struct objc_object {
private:
isa_t isa;
};
isa
- arm64架构之前isa只是一个指针，指向类对象或者元类对象
- arm64架构之后isa是一个共用体
union isa_t
{
isa_t() { }
isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }
Class cls;
uintptr_t bits;
# if __arm64__
# define ISA_MASK 0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_MASK 0x000003f000000001ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
struct {
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1; //是否非指针
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1; //是否有关联对象
uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor : 1; //是否有c++析构函数
uintptr_t shiftcls : 33; // MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000 //类对象/元类对象地址
uintptr_t magic : 6; //调试时对象是否完成初始化
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1; //是否被弱指针引用过
uintptr_t deallocating : 1; //是否正在释放
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1; //该值为1时表示对象引用计数过大，无法存在isa中，存在SideTable的属性中
uintptr_t extra_rc : 19; //存放对象引用计数的-1值
# define RC_ONE (1ULL<<45)
# define RC_HALF (1ULL<<18)
};
cache
方法缓存
struct cache_t {
struct bucket_t *_buckets; //散列表
mask_t _mask; //散列表方法-1
mask_t _occupied; //已经缓存的方法数
}
- 散列表（Hash table，也叫哈希表）
缓存方法的时候，用@selector(method) & _mask 得到索引，以@selector(method) 为key，以函数地址为值，存到散列表中，取的时候用@selector(method) & _mask 得到索引，直接用索引取函数地址
struct bucket_t {
private:
cache_key_t _key;
IMP _imp;
public:
inline cache_key_t key() const { return _key; }
inline IMP imp() const { return (IMP)_imp; }
inline void setKey(cache_key_t newKey) { _key = newKey; }
inline void setImp(IMP newImp) { _imp = newImp; }
void set(cache_key_t newKey, IMP newImp);
}
oc方法调用
消息机制：给方法调用者发送消息
- oc的方法调用，其实都是转换为objc_msgSend函数的调用
- objc_msgSend的执行流程分为3个阶段
- 消息发送
- 动态方法解析
- 消息转发
objc_msgSend()关键代码
/***********************************************************************
* lookUpImpOrForward.
* The standard IMP lookup.
* initialize==NO tries to avoid +initialize (but sometimes fails)
* cache==NO skips optimistic unlocked lookup (but uses cache elsewhere)
* Most callers should use initialize==YES and cache==YES.
* inst is an instance of cls or a subclass thereof, or nil if none is known.
* If cls is an un-initialized metaclass then a non-nil inst is faster.
* May return _objc_msgForward_impcache. IMPs destined for external use
* must be converted to _objc_msgForward or _objc_msgForward_stret.
* If you don't want forwarding at all, use lookUpImpOrNil() instead.
**********************************************************************/
IMP lookUpImpOrForward(Class cls, SEL sel, id inst,
bool initialize, bool cache, bool resolver)
{
IMP imp = nil;
bool triedResolver = NO;
runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();
// Optimistic cache lookup
if (cache) {
imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (imp) return imp;
}
// runtimeLock is held during isRealized and isInitialized checking
// to prevent races against concurrent realization.
// runtimeLock is held during method search to make
// method-lookup + cache-fill atomic with respect to method addition.
// Otherwise, a category could be added but ignored indefinitely because
// the cache was re-filled with the old value after the cache flush on
// behalf of the category.
runtimeLock.read();
if (!cls->isRealized()) {
// Drop the read-lock and acquire the write-lock.
// realizeClass() checks isRealized() again to prevent
// a race while the lock is down.
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
runtimeLock.write();
realizeClass(cls);
runtimeLock.unlockWrite();
runtimeLock.read();
}
if (initialize && !cls->isInitialized()) {
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
_class_initialize (_class_getNonMetaClass(cls, inst));
runtimeLock.read();
// If sel == initialize, _class_initialize will send +initialize and
// then the messenger will send +initialize again after this
// procedure finishes. Of course, if this is not being called
// from the messenger then it won't happen. 2778172
}
retry:
runtimeLock.assertReading();
// Try this class's cache.
imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (imp) goto done;
// Try this class's method lists.
{
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(cls, sel);
if (meth) {
log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, cls);
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
}
// Try superclass caches and method lists.
{
unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();
for (Class curClass = cls->superclass;
curClass != nil;
curClass = curClass->superclass)
{
// Halt if there is a cycle in the superclass chain.
if (--attempts == 0) {
_objc_fatal("Memory corruption in class list.");
}
// Superclass cache.
imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel);
if (imp) {
if (imp != (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache) {
// Found the method in a superclass. Cache it in this class.
log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
goto done;
}
else {
// Found a forward:: entry in a superclass.
// Stop searching, but don't cache yet; call method
// resolver for this class first.
break;
}
}
// Superclass method list.
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
if (meth) {
log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, curClass);
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
}
}
// No implementation found. Try method resolver once.
if (resolver && !triedResolver) {
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
_class_resolveMethod(cls, sel, inst);
runtimeLock.read();
// Don't cache the result; we don't hold the lock so it may have
// changed already. Re-do the search from scratch instead.
triedResolver = YES;
goto retry;
}
// No implementation found, and method resolver didn't help.
// Use forwarding.
imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
cache_fill(cls, sel, imp, inst);
done:
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
return imp;
}
动态方法解析
// Person.h
// 8-Runtime
//
// Created by 今晚打老虎 on 2018/8/6.
// Copyright © 2018年 今晚打老虎. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Person : NSObject
- (void)test;
@end
// Person.m
// 8-Runtime
//
// Created by 今晚打老虎 on 2018/8/6.
// Copyright © 2018年 今晚打老虎. All rights reserved.
//
#import "Person.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation Person
- (void)other{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel{
if (sel == @selector(test)) {
Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(other));
class_addMethod(self, sel, method_getImplementation(method), method_getTypeEncoding(method));
return YES;
}
return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel];
}
@end
API-类相关
动态创建一个类（参数：父类，类名，额外的内存空间）
Class objc_allocateClassPair(Class superclass, const char *name, size_t extraBytes)
注册一个类（要在类注册之前添加成员变量）
void objc_registerClassPair(Class cls)
销毁一个类
void objc_disposeClassPair(Class cls)
获取isa指向的Class
Class object_getClass(id obj)
设置isa指向的Class
Class object_setClass(id obj, Class cls)
判断一个OC对象是否为Class
BOOL object_isClass(id obj)
判断一个Class是否为元类
BOOL class_isMetaClass(Class cls)
获取父类
Class class_getSuperclass(Class cls)
API-成员变量
获取一个实例变量信息
Ivar class_getInstanceVariable(Class cls, const char *name)
拷贝实例变量列表（最后需要调用free释放）
Ivar *class_copyIvarList(Class cls, unsigned int *outCount)
设置和获取成员变量的值
void object_setIvar(id obj, Ivar ivar, id value)
id object_getIvar(id obj, Ivar ivar)
动态添加成员变量（已经注册的类是不能动态添加成员变量的）
BOOL class_addIvar(Class cls, const char * name, size_t size, uint8_t alignment, const char * types)
获取成员变量的相关信息
const char *ivar_getName(Ivar v)
const char *ivar_getTypeEncoding(Ivar v)
API-属性
获取一个属性
objc_property_t class_getProperty(Class cls, const char *name)
拷贝属性列表（最后需要调用free释放）
objc_property_t *class_copyPropertyList(Class cls, unsigned int *outCount)
动态添加属性
BOOL class_addProperty(Class cls, const char *name, const objc_property_attribute_t *attributes,
unsigned int attributeCount)
动态替换属性
void class_replaceProperty(Class cls, const char *name, const objc_property_attribute_t *attributes,
unsigned int attributeCount)
获取属性的一些信息
const char *property_getName(objc_property_t property)
const char *property_getAttributes(objc_property_t property)
API-方法
获得一个实例方法、类方法
Method class_getInstanceMethod(Class cls, SEL name)
Method class_getClassMethod(Class cls, SEL name)
方法实现相关操作
IMP class_getMethodImplementation(Class cls, SEL name)
IMP method_setImplementation(Method m, IMP imp)
void method_exchangeImplementations(Method m1, Method m2)
拷贝方法列表（最后需要调用free释放）
Method *class_copyMethodList(Class cls, unsigned int *outCount)
动态添加方法
BOOL class_addMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types)
动态替换方法
IMP class_replaceMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types)
获取方法的相关信息（带有copy的需要调用free去释放）
SEL method_getName(Method m)
IMP method_getImplementation(Method m)
const char *method_getTypeEncoding(Method m)
unsigned int method_getNumberOfArguments(Method m)
char *method_copyReturnType(Method m)
char *method_copyArgumentType(Method m, unsigned int index)
选择器相关
const char *sel_getName(SEL sel)
SEL sel_registerName(const char *str)
用block作为方法实现
IMP imp_implementationWithBlock(id block)
id imp_getBlock(IMP anImp)
BOOL imp_removeBlock(IMP anImp)
