毕加索画作《公牛》助教苹果简洁风
选编自《纽约时报》(the New York Times)2014年的一篇新闻特写,原文标题为Simplifying the Bull: How Picasso Helps to Teach Apple's Style,在本文你将看到分为“节选原文、点评解析、参考译文”三个部分。毕加索名画“公牛”,照片来自网络:
The Bull_Picasso.jpg
巴勃罗﹒毕加索(Pable Picasso)(1881-1973)是西班牙画家、雕塑家,西方现代派绘画的主要代表,被誉为当代西方最具创造性、影响最为深远的艺术家,20世纪最伟大的艺术天才。毕加索的《公牛》由十一幅石版画组成,均在同一块石版上绘制,每幅画都在前一幅画的基础上刮掉旧线条添加新线条形成。画中的公牛从自然主义技法、经过立体主义的分解,最后以简单的线状形象结束,完成了从具体到抽象的转化,代表着一种通过不断简化提取本质的思维方式。
节选原文:
Simplifying the Bull: How Picasso Helps to Teach Apple's Style
Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.
In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso's The Bull to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.
Steven P.Jobs established the Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple's business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.
Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers "Communicating at Apple." This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.
In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of The Bull, a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull.
"You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do," recalled one person who took the course.
In "What Makes Apple, Apple," another course that Mr.Nelson occasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote control has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said, Mr.Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote control, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.
How did Apple's designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea, Mr.Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed - a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.
The Google TV remote control serves as a counterexample. It had so many buttons, Mr.Nelson said, because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted.
点评解析:
毕加索画作《公牛》助教苹果简洁风
Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.
自译练习:
苹果公司也许是这个星球上唯一敢把自己和毕加索相比的公司了。
参考译文:
敢把自己与毕加索相提并论的技术公司,世间怕是只有苹果一家。
In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso's The Bull to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.
自译练习:
在苹果大学的一节课上,一位讲师对组成毕加索名画“公牛”的11幅版画,和苹果公司如何构建智能手机和其它设备,进行了类比。苹果公司设计师们追求简洁的理念,和毕加索为了创作一个伟大的艺术作品而对一些细节进行消减,有着异曲同工之妙。
分析点评:
用什么和什么进行类比?在中文表达上不对等。应该是“毕加索为了画公牛而画11幅版画的过程,和苹果公司为设计手机和其它设备的历程,进行类比”,参考译文如下:
参考译文:
在苹果公司内部大学的一堂课上,公司讲师称毕加索为创作《公牛》连画11幅石板画的过程与苹果公司打造智能手机等设备的历程有异曲同工之妙。旨在表明苹果公司的设计师力求简约,正如毕加索为创作艺术杰作剔除细枝末节一样。
Steven P.Jobs established the Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple's business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.
自译练习:
史蒂夫﹒乔布斯创建了苹果大学,随着公司成长和技术业务发生变化,这是给员工灌输苹果的商业文化和公司历史的一种方式。这些课程并非强制仅为推荐,然而新员工们上这些课很积极。
分析点评:
考试而言,最后一句应当尽量直译不要意译,另外,自译练习中有些漏译,参考译文如下:
参考译文:
史蒂夫﹒P.乔布斯(Steven P.Jobs)创立苹果大学,目的是向员工灌输公司的企业文化,让员工了解企业历史。随着公司不断发展壮大,技术业务发展变化,此举显得尤为必要。课程并非强制,仅作推荐,但是新员工的参与几乎从来不是问题。
Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers "Communicating at Apple." This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.
自译练习:
安迪尼尔森,他来自皮克斯动画工作室(乔布斯作为联合创始人的一家公司),是“在苹果公司如何沟通”这门课程的教师之一。这门课面向各种级别的员工,重点是如何进行清晰的沟通,不仅是为了培养员工对产品的直觉,也是为了在同级别员工之间分享理念,以及为公司产品作市场分析。
分析点评:
考试的时候一般不建议使用括号,建议用更简洁的表达;making products intuitive是指让产品更便于使用;另外,marketing是指营销,不是市场分析。参考译文如下:
参考译文:
兰迪﹒纳尔逊(Randy Nelson)曾就职于乔布斯和他人合作创立的皮克斯动画工作室,现在是“在苹果学沟通”这门课程的讲师之一。该课程面向苹果各级员工,重点探讨如何清晰交流。课程不仅是为了让苹果产品更便于使用,也是为了增进员工思想交流,促进产品市场推广。
In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of The Bull, a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull.
自译练习:
在去年的一次课上,尼尔森先生展示了一个幻灯片“公牛”,取材于1945年晚期,毕加索在一个月内创作的11张公牛的版画。在初期,公牛有鼻子、肩膀、腿和蹄子,但是经过毕加索几次的迭代之后,这些细节消失了。最后一张图片仅由细线条勾勒,但依然是一头惟妙惟肖的公牛画像。
分析点评:
shoulder应该译为前腿,以及snout译作“口鼻”比较合适,另外,"starting in late 1945"译为“取材于1945年晚期”不合适,因为只有年代用晚期,同一年里面用年底比较合适。参考译文如下,因为英文原文用同位语结构、定语从句、现在分词等语法形式解说了毕加索创作《公牛》的背景,所以参考译文断为两句,第二句以“该画”作为主语,分为三个小句,较为符合汉语分层叙述的习惯。
参考译文:
去年在这门课上,纳尔逊老师用幻灯片展示了毕加索的画作《公牛》。该画自1945年底开始创作,历时约一个月,由十一幅石版画组成。创作早期,公牛有口鼻、前腿肌和蹄子,但经过反复修改,这些细节都消失了。最后只剩一幅曲线构成的线条画,不过还是一眼就能认出那是头牛。
"You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do," recalled one person who took the course.
自译练习:
“为了以非常简洁的方式交付,你要反复多做几次迭代,这是苹果公司品牌的真谛,每件事我们都是这样做的。”一个参加课程的苹果公司员工回忆。
分析点评:
此处是苹果员工结合自己的工作体验,总结毕加索绘画带来的启示。并列句前一句是案例启示,后一句是练习苹果公司实际的反思,be true to的意思是doing exactly what you said you would do。为把抽象意义表达清楚,可将其具体化,并可针对Apple brand和everything we do的搭配采用不同的译法。
参考译文:
“你得反复修改直到能简洁明了地传递信息。这是苹果的品牌理念,也是我们一直坚持的目标。”上过这门课的一位员工回忆道。
In "What Makes Apple, Apple," another course that Mr.Nelson occasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote control has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said, Mr.Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote control, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.
自译练习:
尼尔森先生有时候教授另一个叫做“是什么创造了苹果?苹果”的课程。一位去年参加这门课的苹果公司员工说,尼尔森先生在课上展示了谷歌电视的遥控器,这个遥控器由78个按钮组成,然后,他展示了苹果电视的遥控器——一个只有三个按钮的,细长的金属块。
分析点评:
该句可划分为四个层次,因此按照汉语习惯,用四个小句表示。第一个小句由于有引领本段的作用,为实现全文语篇连贯,添加了“苹果大学还有一门课叫做”。
参考译文:
苹果大学还有一门课叫做“苹果公司成功之道”,纳尔逊偶尔也来授课。去年上过这门课的一位员工介绍说,纳尔逊老师播放了一张谷歌电视遥控器的幻灯片,此遥控器共有78个按键。随后纳尔逊展示了一张苹果遥控器的照片,一个只有三个按键的金属薄板。
How did Apple's designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea, Mr.Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed - a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.
自译练习:
苹果公司的设计师是如何决定在遥控器上采用三个按钮的?尼尔森先生解释说,他们先选一个主意开始讨论,然后进行辩论,直到最终决定什么才是遥控器需要有的:一个控制视频播放和暂停的按钮,一个让观众选台的按钮,以及一个回到主菜单的按钮。
参考译文:
苹果公司的设计师是如何决定只要三个按键的呢?纳尔逊解释道,他们先提出想法,然后进行讨论,直到最后只剩下需要的东西——一个视频播放和暂停键,一个节目内容选择键,还有一个主菜单返回键。
The Google TV remote control serves as a counterexample. It had so many buttons, Mr.Nelson said, because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted.
自译练习:
谷歌电视遥控器承担了一个反面典型的作用,它有如此多的按钮,尼尔森说,仅仅是因为在那个项目上工作的每个工程师和设计师,都得到了自己想要的按钮。
参考译文:
而谷歌电视遥控器是一个反例。纳尔逊说,它之所以有那么多按键,是因为参与此项目的每一位工程师和设计师都设置了自己想要的功能键。
以上节选结束,该节选也是2015年度下半年全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语2级笔译实务真题。纽约时报原文来自:
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/11/technology/-inside-apples-internal-training-program-.html
参考译文:
毕加索画作《公牛》助教苹果简洁风
敢把自己与毕加索相提并论的技术公司,世间怕是只有苹果一家。
在苹果公司内部大学的一堂课上,公司讲师称毕加索为创作《公牛》连画11幅石板画的过程与苹果公司打造智能手机等设备的历程有异曲同工之妙。旨在表明苹果公司的设计师力求简约,正如毕加索为创作艺术杰作剔除细枝末节一样。
史蒂夫﹒P.乔布斯(Steven P.Jobs)创立苹果大学,目的是向员工灌输公司的企业文化,让员工了解企业历史。随着公司不断发展壮大,技术业务发展变化,此举显得尤为必要。课程并非强制,仅作推荐,但是新员工的参与几乎从来不是问题。
兰迪﹒纳尔逊(Randy Nelson)曾就职于乔布斯和他人合作创立的皮克斯动画工作室,现在是“在苹果学沟通”这门课程的讲师之一。该课程面向苹果各级员工,重点探讨如何清晰交流。课程不仅是为了让苹果产品更便于使用,也是为了增进员工思想交流,促进产品市场推广。
去年在这门课上,纳尔逊老师用幻灯片展示了毕加索的画作《公牛》。该画自1945年底开始创作,历时约一个月,由十一幅石版画组成。创作早期,公牛有口鼻、前腿肌和蹄子,但经过反复修改,这些细节都消失了。最后只剩一幅曲线构成的线条画,不过还是一眼就能认出那是头牛。
“你得反复修改直到能简洁明了地传递信息。这是苹果的品牌理念,也是我们一直坚持的目标。”上过这门课的一位员工回忆道。
苹果大学还有一门课叫做“苹果公司成功之道”,纳尔逊偶尔也来授课。去年上过这门课的一位员工介绍说,纳尔逊老师播放了一张谷歌电视遥控器的幻灯片,此遥控器共有78个按键。随后纳尔逊展示了一张苹果遥控器的照片,一个只有三个按键的金属薄板。
苹果公司的设计师是如何决定只要三个按键的呢?纳尔逊解释道,他们先提出想法,然后进行讨论,直到最后只剩下需要的东西——一个视频播放和暂停键,一个节目内容选择键,还有一个主菜单返回键。
而谷歌电视遥控器是一个反例。纳尔逊说,它之所以有那么多按键,是因为参与此项目的每一位工程师和设计师都设置了自己想要的功能键。