Django 精研Django源码分析

django源码分析--03app加载过程

2017-01-22  本文已影响554人  极光火狐狸

django.core.management.__init__.ManagementUtility.execute方法中通过autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()这一行代码来加载django的app。

django.__init__.setup方法中通过django.apps.registry.Apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)来加载所有配置文件中定义好的app。刚创建好的一个project默认模版都会在settings.py文件中指定好这几个app:

django.contrib.admin
django.contrib.auth
django.contrib.contenttypes
django.contrib.sessions
django.contrib.messages
django.contrib.staticfiles

django.apps.registry.Apps.populate方法中通过下面这个代码片段调用django.apps.config.AppConfig.create的类方法来加载app和实例化该app的类对象。

django.apps.registry.py
from .config import AppConfig


class Apps(object):

    def __init__(self, installed_apps=()):
        if installed_apps is None and hasattr(sys.modules[__name__], 'apps'):
            raise RuntimeError("You must supply an installed_apps argument.")

        self.all_models = defaultdict(OrderedDict)
        self.app_configs = OrderedDict()
        self.stored_app_configs = []
        self.apps_ready = self.models_ready = self.ready = False
        self._lock = threading.Lock()
        self._pending_operations = defaultdict(list)
        if installed_apps is not None:
            self.populate(installed_apps)

    def populate(self, installed_apps=None):
        if self.ready:
            return

        with self._lock:
            if self.ready:
                return

            if self.app_configs:
                raise RuntimeError("populate() isn't reentrant")

            for entry in installed_apps:
                if isinstance(entry, AppConfig):
                    app_config = entry
                else:
                    # 这里这个for循环落实的工作是,
                    # 实例化每个app的配置管理对象(
                    # django.contrib.auth.apps.AuthConfig()),
                    # 实例化过后默认有很多参数都是None,
                    # 例如models_module、models等。
                    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
                if app_config.label in self.app_configs:
                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                        "Application labels aren't unique, "
                        "duplicates: %s" % app_config.label)

                self.app_configs[app_config.label] = app_config

            counts = Counter(
                app_config.name for app_config in self.app_configs.values())
            duplicates = [
                name for name, count in counts.most_common() if count > 1]
            if duplicates:
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                    "Application names aren't unique, "
                    "duplicates: %s" % ", ".join(duplicates))

            self.apps_ready = True

            # Load models.
            for app_config in self.app_configs.values():
                # 这里采用字典引用的方式赋值给all_models,
                # 也就是说后续self.all_models['django.contrib.auth']
                # 发生变化,它也会发生变化。            
                all_models = self.all_models[app_config.label] 
                
                # 这里采用了非常高级的做法,以我现在的水平,
                # 暂时还不能完全理解,但是我已经有一些眉目了,
                # 详细的说明请进入import_models方法中继续查看。         
                app_config.import_models(all_models)                

            self.clear_cache()

            self.models_ready = True

            for app_config in self.get_app_configs():
                # 这里是针对app进行检查是否已经存在,
                # 如果已经存在则不做事情,如果不存在则
                # 将它添加到CheckRegistry.registered_checks和
                # 将它添加到CheckRegistry.deployment_checks的
                # 注册列表中。
                # 备注: 维护这个列表的用意我暂时还不清楚。
                app_config.ready()

            self.ready = True
django.apps.config.py
class AppConfig(object):

    def __init__(self, app_name, app_module):
        self.name = app_name
        self.module = app_module

    @classmethod
    def create(cls, entry):
        try:
            # entry = 'django.contrib.auth'   ,   module = <module 'django.contrib.auth' from 'C:\\Python35\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\contrib\\auth\\__init__.py'>
            module = import_module(entry)               
        except ImportError:
            module = None
            mod_path, _, cls_name = entry.rpartition('.')
            if not mod_path:
                raise
        else:
            try:
                # entry = 'django.contrib.auth.apps.AuthConfig'
                entry = module.default_app_config                       
            except AttributeError:
                return cls(entry, module)
            else:
                # mod_path = 'django.contrib.auth.apps', 
                # _ = '.' ,
                # cls_name = 'AuthConfig'
                mod_path, _, cls_name = entry.rpartition('.')           

        # mod = <module 'django.contrib.auth.apps' from 'C:\\Python35\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\contrib\\auth\\apps.py'>
        mod = import_module(mod_path)                                   
        try:
            # cls = <class django.contrib.auth.apps.AuthConfig>
            cls = getattr(mod, cls_name)                                
        except AttributeError:
            if module is None:
                import_module(entry)
            else:
                raise

        if not issubclass(cls, AppConfig):
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                "'%s' isn't a subclass of AppConfig." % entry)

        try:
            # app_name = cls.name = 'django.contrib.auth'
            app_name = cls.name                                         
        except AttributeError:
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                "'%s' must supply a name attribute." % entry)

        # app_module = <module 'django.contrib.auth' from 'C:\\Python35\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\contrib\\auth\\__init__.py'>
        app_module = import_module(app_name)                            

        # <AuthConfig: auth> = <django.contrib.auth.apps.AuthConfig object app_name='django.contrib.auth' app_module='<module 'django.contrib.auth' from 'C:\\Python35\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\contrib\\auth\\__init__.py'>' at 0x000001E02D9AE470>
        return cls(app_name, app_module)                              


    def import_models(self, all_models):
        self.models = all_models

        if module_has_submodule(self.module, MODELS_MODULE_NAME):
            # self.name = app_name = 'django.contrib.auth'  , MODELS_MODULE_NAME = 'models' ; models_module_name = 'django.contrib.auth.models'
            models_module_name = '%s.%s' % (self.name, MODELS_MODULE_NAME)          

            # 这里将'django.contrib.auth.models'整个文件模块形式的导入到self.models_module变量中.
            # 但是由于'django.contrib.auth.models'的class中有继承ModelBase,然后ModelBase.__new__,
            # 在导入过程中会被触发并执行__new__下的代码块,该代码块中对
            # apps.get_containing_app_config('django.contrib.auth')单独进行register_model(模型注册),
            # 因此它会再次更新self.all_models,然后all_models会跟着发生变化,然后这里的self.models也会跟着发生变化。
            # 最终呈现出来的是: <django.contrib.auth.AppConfig object self.models=OrderedDict([('permission', <class 'django.contrib.auth.models.Permission'>), ('group_permissions', <class 'django.contrib.auth.models.Group_permissions'>), ('group', <class 'django.contrib.auth.models.Group'>), ('user_groups', <class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User_groups'>), ('user_user_permissions', <class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User_user_permissions'>), ('user', <class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>)]) at 0x000001E02D9AE470>
            # 通过呈现结果的对象来看,self.models已经装载了这些<已经加载好的数据库>对象。
            self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)     
            # self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name) = import_module('django.contrib.auth.models')

总结
django在启动wsgi之前,会调用django.apps模块来读取项目文件中的settings.py拿到这面这几个app,然后交给django.apps的registry.py和config.py来进行统一的配置加载、实例化(含models数据库对象)。

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