真题实战

• Some ++philosophers++（哲学家） argue 【that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of ++duties ==and== entitlements++（义务和权利）】.
  • 遇到as：
    • 首先看后面有没有as：有则是表示比较级
    • 没有看，后面接句子还是单词：单词：作为；句子：当/随着/因为/虽然/就像/正如
  • argue：争论，认为
  • ==A of B==：
    • 如果A是时间：A的B
    • China has five thousand years of history.
    • 如果B比较长：A：B
    • I have a dream of returning to my hometown with the knowledge I have learned in the university.
    • 许多
    • a world of books
    • 如果以上三种都不成立，则翻译为B的A
  • contract：n.合同=pact=compact v.缩短

• They are different ||++in that++（因为=because） their elements are arranged differently, ||==and== each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.

  • 因为：
    • ==because==万能因为
    • for+句子：因为；for+单词：为了
    • since+时间：自从；since+非时间：因为
    • in that：强调最重要的原因
    • now that：既然，因为（显而易见的原因）

• Even ++demographics++（人口统计学） are ++working against++（对..不利，主语一般是物） the middle class family,|| as the odds of having a weak elderly parent — and all the ++attendant++（随之而来的） need for physical and ++financial++（=economic=fiscal=monetary） assistance — have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

  • odd
    • odd number：奇数词，even number：偶数词
    • =strange 奇怪的
    • =part-time空闲时间
    • n.概率

• （==From== the middle-class family perspective）状语, much of this, understandably, looks far ++less like++ an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, ==and== a good deal ++more like++ a frightening ++acceleration++（加速） of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.

  • 句首出现介词：状语
  • prospective：前景，远景
  • prespective：看透，观点，视角
  • spect-：看：inspect：调查；spectator：观众；spectacle：眼镜；retrospect：回顾
  • exercise：承担；产生（exercise control over：对...产生控制=influence）
  • 责任：
    • responsibility=commitment（心甘情愿）
    • commitment
    • obligation：be obligation to do sth.被迫做...（义务）

• It applies equally ++to traditional historians++ who ==view== history ==as== only the external and internal criticism of sources, ==and== ++to social science historians++ who equate their activity with specific techniques.

  • apply：apply for申请，apply：应用于，适用于
  • V. sth. as sth:把...看做...，把...视为...
  • 出现and前后完全一致时候翻译：它适用于两者，一是...，二是...
  • adequate：对等的，足够的（ad-：表示加强语气）

• The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is ++dazzlingly++（闪闪发光的，耀眼的） complicated, ||and it's perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and ++futurologists++（未来学家） to explore the many possibilities （which）we can ++envisage++（预见）.

  • 插入语的位置：
    • 原位，前面逗号改成扩折号
    • 变成句子一部分
    • 状语时候放在句首

• When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is ++advisable++(合情合理的=reasonable) to find out what its advocates are aiming at, ==for(因为，连词)==, however ++farfetched++（不合常理的） and unreasonable their principles may seem today,（连名间） ==it is== possible ==that== ++in years to come++（在不久的将来） they may be regarded as normal.

  • 如何it is...that中间是adj.过去分词，a pity为形式主语，其他一般为强调句型。
  • however：后面加逗号：然而；直接接形容词：无论...
  • A be regarded as B：A被看做B
  • and前后两词意思保持一致

• Theories 【++centering++（分词做后置定语） on the individual】 suggest ++that++ children ++engage in++（从事） criminal behavior because they were not ++sufficiently++（足够的） penalized for previous misdeeds ==or== ++that++ they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.

  • center on=fous on聚焦于

• The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why ++commercial++（商业） publishers are making money from government-funded research by ++restricting++（限制） access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality.

  • make：
    • ~ sb. do sth使某人做某事
    • ~ sth. sth.使...成为...
    • ~ sth adj.使...怎么样
  • n.+v.（被动加V-ing，主动加V-ed）：adj
    • time-cosuming：消耗时间
    • energy-saving：节省能源
    • Tomb-sweeping：清明节
    • Tree-planting：植树节
    • heart-broken：心碎了

• ++The great interest++ in exceptional children 【++（which is）shown++ in public education over the past three decades 】indicates ++the strong feeling++ in our society 【++that++ all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities】.

  • 分割式从句：从谓语动词判断；从句意判断（一般为：名词+介词+名词结构）

• Police （which hunted）==hunting== the killer of a part-time police officer （who were）==stabbed== outside her home in northwest London are seeking a man ==wearing== a hooded top seen running away from the scene.

• This phenomenon has created serious concerns ++over++ the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen ==and== ++over++ the ultimate stability of the world economy.

  • over：关于=about=concerning

• The astonishing distrust of the news media is==n't== rooted in ++inaccuracy++（不精确性） or poor reportorial skills ==but== in the daily ++clash++（=contradiction） of world views between reporters and their readers.

  • be rooted in源于
  • clash：碰撞
  • crash：撞了
  • crush：挤过去
  • ...is not rooted in...but in ...is...：...不是源于...而是源于...

• A ++lateral++（平级的） move 【that hurt my pride and ++blocked++（阻碍） my professional progress 】prompted me to abandon my relatively ++high profile++（高调的） career ||==although（但是）,== in the manner of a ++disgraced++（丢人） government minister, ==I== covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.

  • prompt sb. to sb=force sb. to sb刺激某人做某事
  • low profile：低调的
  • blockage：n.阻碍
  • in manner of：以...方式
  • graceful=elegant：体面的

• I have ==discovered==, as perhaps Kelsey will（discover） after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress（动名间）, ==that== ++abandoning++ the ++doctrine++（理念，原则） of “juggling your life”, ==and== ++making++ the alternative move into “++downshifting++”（放慢生活节奏） ++brings++ with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

  • one hundred dollars ==is== enough.（主语整体概念）
  • statue雕塑
  • status地位

• Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states ++that++ language imprisons the mind, ==and== ++that++the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

• According to their latest paper （which was）==published== in Nature, the ++biomass++（生物量） of large ++predators++（肉食） animals 【that kill and eat other animals in a new fishery】 is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

  • 句首出现介词短语：状语

• The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy【 in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services 【that they want most】】.

  • create one's own enterprise 创业

• If its message were confined merely to information || ==and== that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve,|| ==for== even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive---||advertising wound be so boring that no one would pay any attention.

• The debate was launched by the Government, 【which ==invited== anyone with an opinion of the BBC ==——==（强调作用） including ordinary listeners and viewer ==to== say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.】

  • invite sb to sth邀请某人做某事
  • launch：发起
  • with an opinion of sth.对...有观点

• The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen 【（who were）employed by the company in which he held shares】, ||==and== his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

  • such as例如
  • as such其本身

• In Australia—— where an aging population, life- extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part ——other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

• Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal ++husbandry++(畜牧业) technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—==and== ++asked++ an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.