安装步骤

#1 新建下载目录，下载
cd /home && mkdir soft && cd soft
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tgz

#2 解压文件
chmod +x * && tar -zxvf Python-3.7.2.tgz

#3 安装依赖
#---ubunt---
apt-get -y install zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libsqlite3-dev 
libreadline-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libdb-dev libpcap-dev xz-utils libexpat1-dev 
liblzma-dev libffi-dev libc6-dev
#---centos---
yum install yum-utils
yum-builddep python

#4 指定安装目录
cd Python-3.7.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/bin/python3.7

#5 编译安装
make
make install

* 切换版本

#切换至python3
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 100
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 150

#切换回python2
update-alternatives --config python

#centos
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

* 安装pip及组件

#python2
apt-get -y install python-pip
apt-get -y install build-essential python-dev python-setuptools
#python3
apt-get -y install python3-pip
apt-get -y install build-essential python3-dev  python3-setuptools