宾语从句
2021-11-07 本文已影响0人
淡淡de盐
概念: 置于动词、介词等词性后面，在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:
动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词的宾语从句
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、v.-ing 形式后面都能带宾语从句，
有些形容词(afraid，sure， glad 等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
构成：【主语 + 谓语 + 引导词 + 句子】
He suggested that we should leave the hotel.
他建议我们应该马上离开宾馆。
引导词
that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, where, why, how 与主语从句基本相同
高频考点:连接词 时态 语序
连接词
- that 没有实际意义，只做连接使用；两上以上 that 宾从，第一个可省略，后面不可省；
He said (that) the film was interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it.
- what, who, whose, which, whom 等连接代词,主语、宾语、定语.
I don' t know what they are going to do.
I don' t know who stole the money.
I don' t know whom you are taking care of.
- when， where， why， how 连接副词，时问状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语。
I don' t know when he leaves.
I don't know where he goes.
I don't know why he leaves.
I don't know how he finds her.
- If/whether 连接副词 “是否” whether 可以与 not 连用，但 if 不可以
He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.
He asked me whether Miss Gao was a teacher.
He asked me whether Miss Gao was a teacher or not.
I don’t know if/whether it will rain tomorrow.
时态
- 主现，从随便；主句是(一般现在、现在进行、现在完成)，从句可任选时态
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
I remember he has given me the book.
I remember he will leave tomorrow.
- 主过去，从过去：主句是过去的某种时态(一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来)，从句也用过去的时态。
He told me that he would take part in the competition.
He told me that he had finished his homework.
- 客观真理很一般:从句是客观真理，不受主句影响，永远用一般现在时。
He told me that the earth is round
The teacher will tell us why light travels faster than sound.
语序
- 从句一定要使用陈述句语序
陈述句语序：引导词 + 主 + 谓
I don’t know what he eats.
I don’t know where he eats.
I don’t know when he eats.
I don’t know why he eats.
I don’t know if he eats.
- 主语是第一人称，谓语是
think、believe、suppose时，从句的否定要放在主句中。
I don’t think you are right
I don’t believe he will come.
如何辨别使用哪个引导词，句子中缺失哪个含义就用哪个词，没有含义用 that
形式宾语在宾语从句中的使用:
通常说来,当主句有宾语补足语,同时句子的宾语又是一个从句时, 这时,通常采用 it 做形式宾语,而真正的宾语则放在句子的结尾。
我认为你好好学英语是必要的。
I think it necessary that you should study English hard.
完成时:
- 现在完成时——过去发生的动作，一直持续到现在，或对现在还有影响。
It has rained for half a year. (雨从过去开始下，一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成时)
时间状语:already、yet、just、never、ever、before、since、up to now - 过去完成时——在过去某个点以前就已经发生的动作，即“过去的过去”完成的动作。
When he got there, the train had left. (火车离开，是在他到的那个时刻以前发生的，同时火车离开是 一个持续性的过程，所以用过去完成时)
时间状语:by the time/end of +过去时间;
when/before/after+过去时间 - 将来完成时——在将来某个点以前就发生的动作。
When we get there tomorrow, the train will have left. (火车离开，是在明天到来以前发生的，同时火 车离开时一个持续性的过程，所以用将来完成时)
时间状语:by the time/end of +将来时间; when/before/after+将来时间
例句:You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
表语从句
谓语动词是系动词时。Be 动词,部分感官动词 hear, look, sound 等,一些其他动词 appear, remain prove 等
引导词：与主语从句基本相同
差异：
- 不能有 if
- 除了引导主语从句的那些引导词之外,表语从句还可以用 as if(好似), as though(好像), because 来引导
我的決定是所有人都在明天七点离开宾馆。
My decision is that all the people should leave the hotel at 7:00 tomorrow.
