数据结构和算法分析Leetcode

leecode刷题(26)-- 用栈实现队列

2019-05-05  本文已影响3人  希希里之海

leecode刷题(26)-- 用栈实现队列

用栈实现队列

使用栈实现队列的下列操作:

示例:

MyQueue queue = new MyQueue();

queue.push(1);
queue.push(2);  
queue.peek();  // 返回 1
queue.pop();   // 返回 1
queue.empty(); // 返回 false

说明:


思路

首先了解下栈和队列的特点:

所以我们只用一个栈的话是无法实现队列的操作的。不妨换个思路,我们用两个栈来实现队列:

当栈2不为空时直接 pop,否则把栈1的所有元素放到栈2然后执行栈2 pop 操作。

思路.png

代码如下:

java描述

import java.util.Stack;

class MyQueue {

    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
        Stack<Integer> s1 = new Stack<Integer>();
        Stack<Integer> s2 = new Stack<Integer>();
    
    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    public void push(int x) {
        s1.push(x);
    }
    
    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    public int pop() {
        if (!s2.isEmpty())  return s2.pop();
        while (!s1.isEmpty()) {
            int val = s1.pop();
            s2.push(val);
        }
        return s2.pop();
    }

    
    /** Get the front element. */
    public int peek() {
        if (!s2.isEmpty())  return s2.peek();
        while (!s1.isEmpty()) {
            int val = s1.pop();
            s2.push(val);
        }
        return s2.peek();
    }
    
    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    public boolean empty() {
        return s1.empty() && s2.empty();
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * boolean param_4 = obj.empty();
 */

python3描述

from collections import deque

class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = deque()
    
    def push(self, val):
        return self.items.append(val)
    
    def pop(self):
        return self.items.pop()

    def top(self):
        return self.items[-1]

    def empty(self):
        return len(self.items) == 0

class MyQueue:

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here.
        """
        self.s1 = Stack()
        self.s2 = Stack()

    def push(self, x: int) -> None:
        """
        Push element x to the back of queue.
        """
        self.s1.push(x)

    def pop(self) -> int:
        """
        Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element.
        """
        if not self.s2.empty():
            return self.s2.pop()
        while not self.s1.empty():
            val = self.s1.pop()
            self.s2.push(val)
        return self.s2.pop()

    def peek(self) -> int:
        """
        Get the front element.
        """
        if not self.s2.empty():
            return self.s2.top()
        while not self.s1.empty():
            val = self.s1.pop()
            self.s2.push(val)
        return self.s2.top()

    def empty(self) -> bool:
        """
        Returns whether the queue is empty.
        """
        return self.s1.empty() and self.s2.empty()


# Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = MyQueue()
# obj.push(x)
# param_2 = obj.pop()
# param_3 = obj.peek()
# param_4 = obj.empty()

总结

可以看出,java支持栈,我们可以直接调用java.util.Stack ,而 python 不支持栈,我们可以自己使用 deque(双端队列),来模拟一个栈。时间和内存对比如下:

对比.png
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