考研阅读计划9——1988 Text 2
写在前面
Hi，我是新海，一个正在备战的考研人。
最近需要进行大量的考研专项阅读，于是萌生了一个翻译计划，准备翻译1986——2018年所有阅读，通过大量的阅读训练来熟悉考研单词，短语以及语法，更深刻理解考研阅读。
下面是我的第9篇，所有中文释义，均是由本人整理翻译，当然也有不够完善的地方，欢迎大家评论补充。
If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior. Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes. One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.
如果你住在大城市，你很熟悉噪音的一些问题，但是由于噪音的有害影响，你可能不知道它对人类行为的影响程度。尽管每个人或多或少都知道什么是噪声，也就是说，人们宁愿听不到声音，但是为了科学目的，最好更精确地定义它。一个这样的定义是噪声是与手头的任务无关的声音。
- large city大城市; 大都市; 通都大邑
- quite familiar with厮熟
- because of因为，由于; 基于
- may not不见得；不可以；未必；不得
- be aware of知道; 意识到
- influence on对…有影响
- human behavior人类行为
- more or less多多少少; 差不多， 几乎; 大约; 多少不等
- would rather not宁可不
- more precisely更确切地说; 更准确来说
Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment. In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.
因此，在某个时间可能被认为相关的刺激在另一个时间将被认为是噪声，这取决于一个人此刻正在做什么。近年来，噪声对人类行为的影响引起了人们的极大兴趣，并且诸如“噪声污染”之类的概念已经出现，以及降低噪声的运动。
- at one time一度， 从前
- another time再
- depending on依据，根据
- at the moment当时; 此刻，现在，目前
- In recent years近几年; 最近几年中; 晚近
- a great deal of大量的; 许多
- interest in对…有兴趣
- human behavior人类行为
- noise pollution噪音污染
-
together with与; 和…一同
Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise. Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working (or sitting) in music halls where rock bands are playing.
根据噪音的强度、持续时间和频率组成，暴露在大声噪音中肯定会造成部分或完全的听力损失。许多工作都存在噪音危害，比如在工厂和喷气式飞机周围工作，驾驶农用拖拉机，在摇滚乐队演奏的音乐厅工作（或坐着）。 - noises噪音; 声音; 干扰; 响声; 噪声( noise的名词复数 )
- depending on依据，根据
- intensity强度; 烈度; 强烈; 强烈程度
- composition作文，作曲; 创作; 构图，布置; 妥协，和解
- hazards危险( hazard的名词复数 ); 冒险的事; 危害物; 危险的根源; 冒险做( hazard的第三人称单数 ); 冒险做出; 尝试着做[提出]; 冒…的风险
- such as诸如; 像， 例如; 譬如
- factories工厂，制造厂( factory的名词复数 )
- jet aircraft喷气式飞机
- tractors拖拉机( tractor的名词复数 ); 牵引机; 牵引车; 拖车头
-
music halls杂耍戏院
In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels (a measure of the loudness of sound) can be considered dangerous. Decibel values correspond to various sounds. Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss. Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.
一般来说，连续接触超过80分贝的声音（测量声音的响度）可以被认为是危险的。分贝值对应于各种声音。超过85分贝以上的声音，如果暴露时间足够长，会产生明显的听力损失。实际损失将取决于所暴露的特定频率，以及声音是连续的还是间歇的。 - In general通常; 大体上; 一般而言，总的来说
- decibels<物>分贝( decibel的名词复数 )
- loudness响度; 音量; 高声; 吵闹
- Decibel<物>分贝
- correspond to相当于; 相符; 契合; 副
- period of time时段，一段时间
- hearing loss听觉损耗，听力损失，聋度
- Actual loss实际损失
- depend upon依赖，依靠
- which one哪一个
Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).
噪声可能对某些类型的任务的执行具有意外的有害影响，例如，如果一个人正在执行需要警惕的监视任务，其中他负责检测某种微弱信号(例如，观察雷达屏幕以观察飞机的外观)。
Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise. If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect. The problem is noise.
与他人交流不受噪音的影响。如果你乘坐过喷气式运输机的后部，你可能已经注意到，一开始很难进行对话，最终，你调整了讲话的声响以补偿这种影响。问题是噪音。
- for instance例如，比如; 拿 ... 来说
- responsible for为…负责，是造成…的原因
- some kind某种
- radar screen雷达网，雷达防线
- other people别人；他人；物；旁人
- affected by受到…的影响
- in the rear在后面; 背后
- difficult to难以
- carry on经营; <非正>继续进行; 争吵; 吵闹
- compensate for赔偿，补偿损失; 取偿; 抵补
写在最后
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作者：新海
11月15日晨
