Integer类的自动装箱

2019-11-12  本文已影响0人  CarsonCao
       Integer a = 1;
       Integer b = 1;
       Integer c = 200;
       Integer d = 200;

       System.out.println(a == b);
       System.out.println(c == d);
true
false

为什么表面看起来一样的数据,结果却不同?原因是java编译器在Integer装箱操作时,做了一些特殊的处理。我们来详细看下。

自动装箱时编译器调用valueOf将原始类型值转换成对象:

   public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

我们看得到在装箱过程中,首先判断IntegerCache中是否缓存了数据,如果缓存了直接从缓存中取,超过缓存范围会直接new 一个新的Integer对象。那么上面我们的c==d输出为false,应该是200 超过了IntegerCache缓存的范围,我们看下IntegerCache的源码:

/**    
 * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

IntegerCache是Integer内部静态类,它缓存了取值范围在[-128,127]的Integer对象。
我们可以通过设置JVM启动参数-Djava.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=200来间接设置IntegerCache.high的值,也可用-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax设置。

除了Integer类有缓存之外,Boolean,Byte,Short,Long都存在缓存:

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