网络时代的隐私 2017-04-05

文章来源：http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/27/15073162/fcc-broadband-internet-privacy-rules-congress-vote

You have just hours to stop Congress from giving away your web browsing history

by Gigi Sohn
date: Mar 28, 2017, 8:43am EDT

Last week, on a party-line vote, the Senate voted to repeal the Federal Communications Commission’s 2016 broadband privacy rules giving consumers the power to choose how their ISPs use and share their personal data. Today, the House of Representatives will vote, and if the House also votes to repeal the rules, the bill will go to President Trump, who is expected to sign it.

上一周，美国参议院投票决定撤回联邦通信委员会（the Federal Communications Commission, FCC）2016年宽带隐私条例，该条例赋予用户权力去决定互联网服务提供商（ISPs, Internet Service Providers）如何使用或分享个人数据。今天，众议院将会投票，如果通过撤回条例，这个法案将会呈递给特朗普总统，预计他会签署实施。

What the rules do

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 requires a “telecommunications carrier” to protect the privacy of their customers’ personal information. Customers of the telephone network have long had their personal information protected under strong FCC rules. When the FCC classified broadband internet access service as a telecommunications service as part of its 2015 net neutrality decision, it applied these privacy protections to ISPs as well.

Among other things, the FCC’s broadband privacy rules protect your personal information in four critical ways. ISPs are required to:

• Tell customers about what types of information they collect, how they use that information, and with whom they share that information
• Obtain affirmative permission (opt in) from customers to use and share sensitive information like financial and health information, Social Security numbers, web browsing, and application usage history. For non-sensitive information, customers must be allowed to opt out of use and sharing of that information at any time and with minimum effort
• Take reasonable measures to keep customers’ data secure
• Give customers timely notice of data breaches, and in the event of a larger breach, give notice to law enforcement officials.

该条例的相关内容

1996年的电信法案要求电话运营商保护用户个人隐私。电话网络用户的个人隐私长期受FCC强有力的法例保护。在2015年网络中立性决策中，FCC将宽带网络服务归并为电话通讯服务时，意味着这些隐私保护条款同样适用于互联网服务提供商（ISPs, Internet Service Providers）。

FCC的宽带网络隐私保护条例通过四个重要的途径保护你的个人隐私。条款要求互联网服务提供商（ISPs, Internet Service Providers）：

• 须告知用户将收集何种信息，如何使用这些信息，以及将这些信息分享给谁
• 在使用和分享敏感信息时，例如财产、健康状况，社交安全号码，网络浏览信息，应用程序使用历史等，需要获得用户的明确许可（或选择添加）。对于非敏感型信息，用户必须可以在任何时候并方便地完成退出使用和分享该类信息
• 使用合理的手段保护用户数据安全
• 当用户数据遭到损毁时需及时通知用户，并且在发生大量数据损毁时通知执法部门