TukeyHSD

This is a generic function: the description here applies to the method for fits of class "aov".

When comparing the means for the levels of a factor in an analysis of variance, a simple comparison using t-tests will inflate the probability of declaring a significant difference when it is not in fact present. This because the intervals are calculated with a given coverage probability for each interval but the interpretation of the coverage is usually with respect to the entire family of intervals.

John Tukey introduced intervals based on the range of the sample means rather than the individual differences. The intervals returned by this function are based on this Studentized range statistics.

The intervals constructed in this way would only apply exactly to balanced designs where there are the same number of observations made at each level of the factor.
This function incorporates an adjustment for sample size that produces sensible intervals for mildly unbalanced designs.

If which specifies non-factor terms these will be dropped with a warning: if no terms are left this is an error.

这是一个泛型函数：这里的描述适用于“aov”类的配合方法。

当比较方差分析中某一因素水平的均值时，使用t检验进行简单的比较会夸大宣布显著差异的概率，而实际差异并不存在。这是因为间隔是以每个间隔的给定覆盖概率来计算的，但是覆盖的解释通常是关于整个间隔族的。

John Tukey 介绍了基于样本均值范围的间隔，而不是基于个体差异的间隔。此函数返回的间隔基于此学生化范围统计信息。

以这种方式构造的区间只适用于在每个因素水平上有相同数量的观察的平衡设计。此功能包含对样本大小的调整，可为轻度不平衡设计产生合理的间隔。

如果其中指定了非因素术语，则这些术语将被删除，并显示警告：如果没有剩余术语，则这是一个错误。