No.45 库尔贝 | 法国现实主义美术运动的代表人物
The Desperate Man (Self-Portrait),1843-1845
Gustave Courbet
古斯塔夫·库尔贝
法国画家, (1819-1877)
库尔贝(Gustave Courbet 1819—1877年)是法国现实主义美术运动的代表人物和旗手，“现实主义”一词即得自于1855年他举行的个人画展。
—— By ArtYouhua
作品欣赏
The Wheat Sifters,1854-1855
库尔贝既不赞同古典主义的陈腐，也不喜欢浪漫主义的幻想。他倡导艺术的真实，主张师法自然，去华就实，表现自己亲眼所见的人和事物。有人请他画天使，被他一口回绝，他说天使谁也没见过，根本无法描绘。他排除一切艺术的理想化，主张唯有写实才是真正的艺术。
The Artist’s Studio,1854-1855
居斯塔夫·库尔贝1819年生于法国的奥尔南，自幼天赋聪颖、相貌出众，既高傲自大、自命不凡，又热情奔放、慷慨大方，从中学时代；就成为同龄朋友们心悦诚服的领袖。
The Wave,1870
1841年，他的父亲送他到巴黎念大学，要他学习法律，但他却立志做一名画家，在皇家美术学院和贝桑松美术学院学习。当他23岁时就已掌握了自己风格的主要因素。
Valley of the Loue,1835-1836
他的早期作品《带黑狗的自画像》（藏巴黎小宫博物馆）、《受伤的男子》（藏卢浮宫博物馆）虽带有浪漫主义色彩，但已表现出写实的倾向。他的创作盛期，是伴随着1848年的革命开始的。代表作《奥尔南午饭后的休息》（藏里尔美术馆）和稍后的《采石工人》（藏德累斯顿美术馆），摒弃沙龙美术的传统，采用纪念碑式的构图，描绘平民的日常生活，表现了人民的苦难，虽受到保守势力的猛烈攻击，却获得社会舆论的广泛支持。同类优秀作品还有《乡村姑娘》、《筛麦的女人》、《浴女》等。
Lake Leman,1874
1855年他创作的大型油画《奥尔南的葬礼》和《画室》遭万国博览会评选团否决，便愤而在博览会附近搭起一个棚子，举办了名为“现实主义、库尔贝40件作品”的展览，并发表声明阐述自己的艺术主张，向保守派所倡导的陈腐题材和清规戒律进行了挑战。指出现实主义就其本质来说是民主的艺术；反映生活的真实是艺术创作的最高原则；强调反映平民生活的重要性和巨大意义。
The Hammock,1844
Seascape,1874
Self-Portrait with a Black Dog,1841
Juliette Courbet,1844
The Sleepers,1866
The Man Made Mad by Fear,1843-1844
A Burial at Ornans,1849-1850
The Bathers,1853
The Meeting (Bonjour Monsieur Courbet),1854
Portrait of Countess Therese Burnswick,1830
The Giants Cave from Saillon (Switzerland),1873
Portrait of Juliette Courbet as a Sleeping Child,1841
The Glacier,1873
The Source at Ornans,1873
The Embouchment of Seine,1841
The Trout,1873
The Forest in Autumn,1841
Chateau du Chillon,1874
Henri Rochefort,1874
Juliette Courbet,1873-1874
The Draughts Players,1844
The Happy Lovers,1844
Snow,1874
Sunset over Lake Leman,1874
The Wounded Man,1844-1845
The Chateau de Chillon,1874
View of the Parc de Crete over Clarens,1874
Portrait of Alphonse Promayet,1847
Beach in Normandy,1872-1875
Portrait of Zélie Courbet,1847
Chateau du Chillon,1874-1875
The Cellist, Self Portrait,1847
View of Neuenburger,1875
Marc Trapadoux is Examining the Book of Prints,1848
Woods in the Snow,1875
Peasant Wearing Madras,1848
Paysage Guyere,1874-1876
After Dinner at Ornans,1848-1849
Swiss Landscape with Flowering Apple Tree,1876
Portrait of Charles Baudelaire,1848-1849
The Deer,1876
Self-Portrait (The Man with a Pipe),1848-1849
Waterfall in the Jura,1876
The Stone Breaker,1849
Lake Geneve before the Storm,1873-1877
The Stone Breakers,1849
Study for Landscape with Waterfall,1877
The Valley of the Loue in Stormy Weather,1849
The White Sail,1877
A Family of Deer in a Landscape with a Waterfall
Hector Berlioz,1850
Bather Sleeping by a Brook
The Garden of the Loos les Lille Abbacy,1851
Bouquet of flowers
White Bull and Blond Heifer,1850-1851
Bouquet of flowers
The Village Maidens,1851-1852
Chateau de Chillon
Portrait of Alfred Bruyas (Painting Solution),1853
Deer's Shelter in Winter
Female Nude with a Dog (Portrait of Leotine Renaude)
The Houses of the Chateau D'Ornans,1853
Head of a Young Doe
The Sleeping Embroiderer,1853
Head of Gazelle
The Wrestlers,1852-1853
La Bacchante
Self-Portrait with Striped Collar,1854
La Ferme De Bonnevaux
The Beach at Palavas,1854
Landscape
The Flood Gate at Optevoz,1854
Landscape of Franche Comté
The Homecoming,1854
Landscape with Stag
Les Doubs A La Maison Monsieur
Dressing the Dead Girl (Dressing the Bride),1855
Marine Les Equilleurs
Entering the Forest,1855
Mother Gregoire,1855
Poor Woman of the Village
Portrait of a Spanish Lady,1855
Portrait of Gabrielle Borreau
Portrait of Champfleury,1855
Portrait of Paul Ansout
Rocky landscape near Flagey,1855
Portrait of Paul Chenavard
Sitting on Cushions Dog,1855
Portrait of Paul Verlaine
The Approaching Storm,1855
Portrait of Régis Courbet
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