SpringMVC处理HTTP分发请求
2016-12-06 本文已影响2119人
zlb
一.初始化特殊的Bean
- 先了解下DispatcherServlet中使用的特殊的Bean
1、MultipartResolver：文件上传解析，用于支持文件上传；
2、LocalResover：本地化解析，因为Spring支持国际化，因此LocalResover解析客户端的Locale信息从而方便进行国际化；
3、ThemeResovler：主题解析，通过它来实现一个页面多套风格，即常见的类似于软件皮肤效果；
4、HandlerMapping：请求到处理器的映射，如果映射成功返回一个HandlerExecutionChain对象（包含一个Handler处理器（页面控制器）对象、多个HandlerInterceptor拦截器）对象；如BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping将URL与Bean名字映射，映射成功的Bean就是此处的处理器；
5、HandlerAdapter：HandlerAdapter将会把处理器包装为适配器，从而支持多种类型的处理器，即适配器设计模式的应用，从而很容易支持很多类型的处理器；如SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter将对实现了Controller接口的Bean进行适配，并且掉处理器的handleRequest方法进行功能处理；
6、ViewResolver：ViewResolver将把逻辑视图名解析为具体的View，通过这种策略模式，很容易更换其他视图技术；如InternalResourceViewResolver将逻辑视图名映射为jsp视图；
7、HandlerExceptionResolver：处理器异常解析，可以将异常映射到相应的统一错误界面，从而显示用户友好的界面（而不是给用户看到具体的错误信息）；
8、RequestToViewNameTranslator：当处理器没有返回逻辑视图名等相关信息时，自动将请求URL映射为逻辑视图名；
9、FlashMapManager：用于管理FlashMap的策略接口，FlashMap用于存储一个请求的输出，当进入另一个请求时作为该请求的输入，通常用于重定向场景，后边会细述 - 首先对这些特殊的Bean进行初始化
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
initStrategies(context);
}
/**
* Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
* <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
*/
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
initMultipartResolver(context);
initLocaleResolver(context);
initThemeResolver(context);
initHandlerMappings(context);
initHandlerAdapters(context);
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
initViewResolvers(context);
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
onRefresh()重写父类FrameworkServlet的onRefresh()方法
二.处理HTTP分发请求
- SpringMVC完成初始化流程之后，就进入Servlet标准生命周期的第二个阶段，即“service”阶段。在“service”阶段中，每一次Http请求到来，容器都会启动一个请求线程，通过FrameworkServlet的service()方法，委派到doGet()或者doPost()这些方法，完成Http请求的处理
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String method = request.getMethod();
//加入请求方式是PATCH
if (method.equalsIgnoreCase(RequestMethod.PATCH.name())) {
processRequest(request, response);
}
else {
super.service(request, response);
}
}
重写service方法，service方法会根据请求是Get还是Post进而调用doGet()和doPost()方法
@Override
protected final void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
@Override
protected final void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
可以看到，这里只是简单的转发到processRequest()这个方法。
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
try {
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (failureCause != null) {
this.logger.debug("Could not complete request", failureCause);
}
else {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
logger.debug("Leaving response open for concurrent processing");
}
else {
this.logger.debug("Successfully completed request");
}
}
}
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
前一部分是将当前请求的Locale对象和属性，分别设置到LocaleContextHolder和RequestContextHolder这两个抽象类中的ThreadLocal对象中，也就是分别将这两个东西和请求线程做了绑定。在doService()处理结束后，再恢复回请求前的LocaleContextHolder和RequestContextHolder，也即解除线程绑定。每次请求处理结束后，容器上下文都发布了一个ServletRequestHandledEvent事件，你可以注册监听器来监听该事件
可以看到，processRequest()方法只是做了一些线程安全的隔离，真正的请求处理，发生在doService()方法中。点开FrameworkServlet类中的doService()方法
- 子类DispatcherServlet重写doService()方法
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String resumed = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).hasConcurrentResult() ? " resumed" : "";
logger.debug("DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'" + resumed +
" processing " + request.getMethod() + " request for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "]");
}
// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<String, Object>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith("org.springframework.web.servlet")) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
try {
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
}
}
几个requet.setAttribute()方法的调用，将前面在初始化流程中实例化的对象设置到http请求的属性中，供下一步处理使用，其中有容器的上下文对象、本地化解析器等SpringMVC特有的编程元素
你可以看到，真正发生请求转发的方法doDispatch()中，它的参数是HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse对象。这给我们传递的意思也很明确，从request中能获取到一切请求的数据，从response中，我们又可以往服务器端输出任何响应，Http请求的处理，就应该围绕这两个对象来设计
doDispatch()方法
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
}
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
applyDefaultViewName(request, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Error err) {
triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
从上面的代码中，很明显可以看出一条线索，整个方法是围绕着如何获取HandlerExecutionChain对象，执行HandlerExecutionChain对象得到相应的视图对象，再对视图进行渲染这条主线来展开的。HandlerExecutionChain对象显得异常重要
因为Http请求要进入SpringMVC的处理体系，必须由HandlerMapping接口的实现类映射Http请求，得到一个封装后的HandlerExecutionChain对象。再由HandlerAdapter接口的实现类来处理这个HandlerExecutionChain对象所包装的处理对象，来得到最后渲染的视图对象
