PythonPythonpython

python实现定时任务

2018-09-21  本文已影响860人  月下独酌123

1、while循环中使用sleep

缺点:不容易控制,而且是个阻塞函数

def timer(n):  
    ''''' 
    每n秒执行一次 
    '''  
    while True:    
        print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X',time.localtime()))    
        yourTask()  # 此处为要执行的任务    
        time.sleep(n)

2、schedule模块

优点:可以管理和调度多个任务,可以进行控制
缺点:阻塞式函数

import schedule
import time
import datetime

def job1():
    print('Job1:每隔10秒执行一次的任务,每次执行2秒')
    print('Job1-startTime:%s' %(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    time.sleep(2)
    print('Job1-endTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    print('------------------------------------------------------------------------')

def job2():
    print('Job2:每隔30秒执行一次,每次执行5秒')
    print('Job2-startTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    time.sleep(5)
    print('Job2-endTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    print('------------------------------------------------------------------------')


def job3():
    print('Job3:每隔1分钟执行一次,每次执行10秒')
    print('Job3-startTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    time.sleep(10)
    print('Job3-endTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    print('------------------------------------------------------------------------')


def job4():
    print('Job4:每天下午17:49执行一次,每次执行20秒')
    print('Job4-startTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    time.sleep(20)
    print('Job4-endTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    print('------------------------------------------------------------------------')


def job5():
    print('Job5:每隔5秒到10秒执行一次,每次执行3秒')
    print('Job5-startTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    time.sleep(3)
    print('Job5-endTime:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    print('------------------------------------------------------------------------')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    schedule.every(10).seconds.do(job1)
    schedule.every(30).seconds.do(job2)
    schedule.every(1).minutes.do(job3)
    schedule.every().day.at('17:49').do(job4)
    schedule.every(5).to(10).seconds.do(job5)
    while True:
        schedule.run_pending()

3、Threading模块中的Timer

优点:非阻塞
缺点:不易管理多个任务

from threading import Timer
import datetime
# 每隔两秒执行一次任务
def printHello():
    print('TimeNow:%s' % (datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
    t = Timer(2, printHello)
    t.start()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    printHello()

4、sched模块

sched模块实现了一个时间调度程序,该程序可以通过单线程执行来处理按照时间尺度进行调度的时间。
通过调用scheduler.enter(delay,priority,func,args)函数,可以将一个任务添加到任务队列里面,当指定的时间到了,就会执行任务(func函数)。

import time, sched
import datetime

s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)

def print_time(a='default'):
    print('Now Time:',datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),a)

def print_some_times():
    print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
    s.enter(10,1,print_time)
    s.enter(5,2,print_time,argument=('positional',))
    s.run()
    print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
print_some_times()

执行结果为:

2018-09-20 16:25:03
Now Time: 2018-09-20 16:25:08 positional
Now Time: 2018-09-20 16:25:13 default
2018-09-20 16:25:13

Process finished with exit code 0

按顺序执行任务:

import time, sched
import datetime

s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)


def event_fun1():
    print("func1 Time:", datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))


def perform1(inc):
    s.enter(inc, 0, perform1, (inc,))
    event_fun1()


def event_fun2():
    print("func2 Time:", datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))


def perform2(inc):
    s.enter(inc, 0, perform2, (inc,))
    event_fun2()


def mymain(func, inc=2):
    if func == "1":
        s.enter(0, 0, perform1, (10,))# 每隔10秒执行一次perform1
    if func == "2":
        s.enter(0, 0, perform2, (20,))# 每隔20秒执行一次perform2
if __name__ == '__main__':
    mymain('1')
    mymain('2')
    s.run()

执行结果为:

E:\virtualenv\pachong\Scripts\python.exe F:/workspace/project_01/demo_09.py
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:30:28
func2 Time: 2018-09-20 16:30:28
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:30:38
func2 Time: 2018-09-20 16:30:48
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:30:48
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:30:58
func2 Time: 2018-09-20 16:31:08
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:31:08
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:31:18
func2 Time: 2018-09-20 16:31:28
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:31:28
func1 Time: 2018-09-20 16:31:38

s.run()会阻塞当前线程的执行
可以用

t=threading.Thread(target=s.run)
t.start()

也可以用s.cancal(action)来取消sched中的某个action

5、定时框架APScheduler

APSScheduler是python的一个定时任务框架,它提供了基于日期date、固定时间间隔interval、以及linux上的crontab类型的定时任务。该矿机不仅可以添加、删除定时任务,还可以将任务存储到数据库中、实现任务的持久化。

APScheduler有四种组件:

APScheduler提供了七种调度器:

APScheduler提供了四种存储方式:

APScheduler提供了三种任务触发器:

示例1、

import time
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler

def job():
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 该示例代码生成了一个BlockingScheduler调度器,使用了默认的任务存储MemoryJobStore,以及默认的执行器ThreadPoolExecutor,并且最大线程数为10。
    
    # BlockingScheduler:在进程中运行单个任务,调度器是唯一运行的东西
    scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
    # 采用阻塞的方式

    # 采用固定时间间隔(interval)的方式,每隔5秒钟执行一次
    scheduler.add_job(job, 'interval', seconds=5)
    
    scheduler.start()

示例2、

import time
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler

def job():
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # BlockingScheduler:在进程中运行单个任务,调度器是唯一运行的东西
    scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
    # 采用阻塞的方式
    
    # 采用date的方式,在特定时间只执行一次
    scheduler.add_job(job, 'date', run_date='2018-09-21 15:30:00')

    scheduler.start() 

示例3、

import time
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler

def job():
    print('job:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # BackgroundScheduler: 适合于要求任何在程序后台运行的情况,当希望调度器在应用后台执行时使用。
    scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
    # 采用非阻塞的方式

    # 采用固定时间间隔(interval)的方式,每隔3秒钟执行一次
    scheduler.add_job(job, 'interval', seconds=3)
    # 这是一个独立的线程
    scheduler.start()
    
    # 其他任务是独立的线程
    while True:
        print('main-start:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))
        time.sleep(2)
        print('main-end:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))

运行结果为:

main-start: 2018-09-21 15:54:28
main-end: 2018-09-21 15:54:30
main-start: 2018-09-21 15:54:30
job: 2018-09-21 15:54:31
main-end: 2018-09-21 15:54:32
main-start: 2018-09-21 15:54:32
main-end: 2018-09-21 15:54:34
main-start: 2018-09-21 15:54:34
job: 2018-09-21 15:54:34
main-end: 2018-09-21 15:54:36
main-start: 2018-09-21 15:54:36

示例4、

import time
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler

def job():
    print('job:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # BackgroundScheduler: 适合于要求任何在程序后台运行的情况,当希望调度器在应用后台执行时使用。
    scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
    # 采用非阻塞的方式

    # 采用date的方式,在特定时间里执行一次
    scheduler.add_job(job, 'date', run_date='2018-09-21 15:53:00')
    # 这是一个独立的线程
    scheduler.start()

    # 其他任务是独立的线程
    while True:
        print('main-start:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))
        time.sleep(2)
        print('main-end:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))

运行结果为:

main-start: 2018-09-21 15:52:57
main-end: 2018-09-21 15:52:59
main-start: 2018-09-21 15:52:59
job: 2018-09-21 15:53:00
main-end: 2018-09-21 15:53:01

示例5、

import time
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler


def job():
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # BackgroundScheduler: 适合于要求任何在程序后台运行的情况,当希望调度器在应用后台执行时使用
    scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
    # 采用非阻塞的方式

    # 采用corn的方式
    scheduler.add_job(job, 'cron', day_of_week='fri', second='*/5')
    '''
    year (int|str) – 4-digit year
    month (int|str) – month (1-12)
    day (int|str) – day of the (1-31)
    week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53)
    day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun)
    hour (int|str) – hour (0-23)
    minute (int|str) – minute (0-59)
    econd (int|str) – second (0-59)
            
    start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone)
        
    *    any    Fire on every value
    */a    any    Fire every a values, starting from the minimum
    a-b    any    Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b)
    a-b/c    any    Fire every c values within the a-b range
    xth y    day    Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month
    last x    day    Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month
    last    day    Fire on the last day within the month
    x,y,z    any    Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions
    '''
    scheduler.start()
    
    # 其他任务是独立的线程
    while True:
        print('main-start:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))
        time.sleep(2)
        print('main-end:', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))

运行结果:

main-start: 2018-09-21 16:02:55
main-end: 2018-09-21 16:02:57
main-start: 2018-09-21 16:02:57
main-end: 2018-09-21 16:02:59
main-start: 2018-09-21 16:02:59
2018-09-21 16:03:00
main-end: 2018-09-21 16:03:01
main-start: 2018-09-21 16:03:01
main-end: 2018-09-21 16:03:03
main-start: 2018-09-21 16:03:03
2018-09-21 16:03:05
main-end: 2018-09-21 16:03:05
main-start: 2018-09-21 16:03:05
main-end: 2018-09-21 16:03:07
main-start: 2018-09-21 16:03:07
main-end: 2018-09-21 16:03:09
main-start: 2018-09-21 16:03:09
2018-09-21 16:03:10

示例6、

import time
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler


def job():
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # BackgroundScheduler: 适合于要求任何在程序后台运行的情况,当希望调度器在应用后台执行时使用
    scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
    # 采用阻塞的方式

    # 采用corn的方式
    scheduler.add_job(job, 'cron', day_of_week='fri', second='*/5')
    '''
    year (int|str) – 4-digit year
    month (int|str) – month (1-12)
    day (int|str) – day of the (1-31)
    week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53)
    day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun)
    hour (int|str) – hour (0-23)
    minute (int|str) – minute (0-59)
    econd (int|str) – second (0-59)
            
    start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone)
        
    *    any    Fire on every value
    */a    any    Fire every a values, starting from the minimum
    a-b    any    Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b)
    a-b/c    any    Fire every c values within the a-b range
    xth y    day    Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month
    last x    day    Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month
    last    day    Fire on the last day within the month
    x,y,z    any    Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions
    '''

    scheduler.start()

示例7、

import time
from pymongo import MongoClient
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
from apscheduler.jobstores.mongodb import MongoDBJobStore

def job():
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # mongodb存储job
    scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
    client = MongoClient(host='127.0.0.1', port=27017)
    store = MongoDBJobStore(collection='job', database='test', client=client)
    scheduler.add_jobstore(store)
    scheduler.add_job(job, 'interval', second=5)
    scheduler.start()

6、异步框架celery

celery框架后续更新

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